{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167735784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","title":"Performance bound for blind CFO estimation in OFDM with real-valued constellations","display_name":"Performance bound for blind CFO estimation in OFDM with real-valued constellations","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167735784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","mag":"2167735784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185404","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","issn_l":"1090-3038","issn":["1090-3038","2577-2465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046562117","display_name":"Timo Roman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Roman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smarad CoE, Signal Processing Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smarad CoE, Signal Processing Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011776702","display_name":"Samuli Visuri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Visuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Technologies Laboratory, Nokia Research Center, Nokia, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Technologies Laboratory, Nokia Research Center, Nokia, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105267090","display_name":"Visa Koivunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1454-5928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1454-5928"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Koivunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smarad CoE, Signal Processing Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smarad CoE, Signal Processing Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85965287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3866","last_page":"3870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-carrier-frequency-offset-estimation","display_name":"blind carrier frequency offset estimation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ofdm","display_name":"OFDM","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cramer-rao-lower-bound","display_name":"Cramer-Rao lower bound","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-bounds","display_name":"performance bounds","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-form-estimator","display_name":"closed-form estimator","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.8399428129196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7059372663497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201080289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156587","display_name":"Complex normal distribution","level":3,"score":0.638582170009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5407395958900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5199424028396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5143238306045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.5062574744224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5024938583374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4817778766155243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.44873741269111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.4380279779434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4368996024131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4310768246650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4530962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777407","display_name":"Closed-form expression","level":2,"score":0.4206102788448334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.356035053730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.33952176570892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.3156737685203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10635414719581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08313360810279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2004.1404801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185404","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","issn_l":"1090-3038","issn":["1090-3038","2577-2465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488435683","https://openalex.org/W1514558801","https://openalex.org/W2010961394","https://openalex.org/W2098918476","https://openalex.org/W2104513935","https://openalex.org/W2107066138","https://openalex.org/W2113542111","https://openalex.org/W2141188139","https://openalex.org/W2147855704","https://openalex.org/W6630727221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119166623","https://openalex.org/W2141188139","https://openalex.org/W2157404634","https://openalex.org/W2124746095","https://openalex.org/W2146589108","https://openalex.org/W3046402950","https://openalex.org/W2134300254","https://openalex.org/W2121420523","https://openalex.org/W2053287309","https://openalex.org/W2174306967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,63],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,8,39,44,49,59,65,70,77,79,96,104,123],"performance":[6,121],"of":[7,43],"blind":[9,71],"carrier":[10],"frequency":[11],"offset":[12],"(CFO)":[13],"estimation":[14,73],"method":[15,34],"for":[16,69,110],"OFDM":[17,81],"with":[18],"real-valued":[19,92],"constellations":[20,93],"introduced":[21],"in":[22,120],"(T.":[23],"Roman":[24],"et":[25],"al,":[26],"ICASSP,":[27],"vol.4,":[28],"p.IV":[29],"369-IV":[30],"372,":[31],"2004).":[32],"The":[33],"is":[35,84,99],"based":[36],"on":[37],"minimizing":[38],"total":[40],"off-diagonal":[41],"power":[42],"received":[45,97],"pseudo-covariance":[46],"matrix":[47],"and":[48,126],"resulting":[50],"solution":[51],"has":[52,106],"a":[53,88,102,111],"simple":[54],"closed-form":[55],"expression.":[56],"To":[57],"assess":[58],"large":[60],"sample":[61],"performance,":[62],"derive":[64],"Cramer-Rao":[66],"bound":[67],"(CRB)":[68],"CFO":[72],"problem.":[74],"When":[75],"deriving":[76],"CRB,":[78],"transmitted":[80],"modulated":[82],"signal":[83,98],"assumed":[85],"to":[86,107],"be":[87,108],"Gaussian":[89,113],"process.":[90],"Since":[91],"are":[94],"used,":[95],"non-circular.":[100],"As":[101],"result,":[103],"CRB":[105],"derived":[109],"non-circular":[112,127],"model.":[114],"Simulation":[115],"results":[116],"highlight":[117],"significant":[118],"differences":[119],"between":[122],"complex":[124],"circular":[125],"cases.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}