{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167667331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0727","title":"DIVERSITY\u2013PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN STREAMS VARY AS A FUNCTION OF THE NATURAL DISTURBANCE REGIME","display_name":"DIVERSITY\u2013PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN STREAMS VARY AS A FUNCTION OF THE NATURAL DISTURBANCE REGIME","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167667331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0727","mag":"2167667331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1890/03-0727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7d54k5x8/qt7d54k5x8.pdf?t=lnr1by","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071787091","display_name":"Bradley J. Cardinale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-6206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-6206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bradley J. Cardinale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA","Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041965085","display_name":"Margaret A. Palmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-7993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-7993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret A. Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA","Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089142551","display_name":"Anthony R. Ives","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-9523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-9523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony R. Ives","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022482455","display_name":"Shane S. Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-1783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-1783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. S. Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolution, Monash University, Melbourne, 3168, Australia","Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, Monash University, Melbourne, 3168, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071787091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94510824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"3","first_page":"716","last_page":"726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.8765000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.8765000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.11860000342130661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-productivity-relationship","display_name":"diversity-productivity relationship","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streams","display_name":"streams","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discharge-variability","display_name":"discharge variability","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-disturbance-regimes","display_name":"natural disturbance regimes","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-primary-producers","display_name":"benthic primary producers","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-richness","display_name":"species richness","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-primary-production","display_name":"net primary productivity","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-composition","display_name":"species composition","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disturbance-sensitivity","display_name":"disturbance sensitivity","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-conservation","display_name":"aquatic conservation","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.8181041479110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.7708489894866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7252885103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.700501024723053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.6663384437561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.6659398674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6512935757637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.6383074522018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.5609778165817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24717449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515905","display_name":"Primary production","level":3,"score":0.49493640661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46935588121414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62648534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706937","display_name":"Species diversity","level":2,"score":0.4323861300945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28438812494277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1890/03-0727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt7d54k5x8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d54k5x8","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7d54k5x8/qt7d54k5x8.pdf?t=lnr1by","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology, vol 86, iss 3","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt7d54k5x8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7d54k5x8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cardinale, Bradley J; Palmer, M A; Ives, A R; & Brooks, S S. (2005). Diversity-productivity relationships in streams vary as a function of the natural disturbance regime. Ecology, 86(3), 716 - 726. UC Santa Barbara: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7d54k5x8","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt7d54k5x8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d54k5x8","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7d54k5x8/qt7d54k5x8.pdf?t=lnr1by","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology, vol 86, iss 3","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.8125,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G132659060","display_name":"Collaborative Research & RUI: Spatial Patch Structure: Can Ephemeral and Heterogeneous Resource Patches Influence Biotic Assemblages in Streams","funder_award_id":"9981376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2007351864","display_name":"DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Putting the Relationship Between Species Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning into Context.","funder_award_id":"0104768","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167667331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167667331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28915235","https://openalex.org/W51738798","https://openalex.org/W325258579","https://openalex.org/W414869197","https://openalex.org/W1939301264","https://openalex.org/W1967901188","https://openalex.org/W1968076659","https://openalex.org/W1968208513","https://openalex.org/W1981968821","https://openalex.org/W1987979943","https://openalex.org/W1996069179","https://openalex.org/W2008811990","https://openalex.org/W2010355651","https://openalex.org/W2012147455","https://openalex.org/W2014914752","https://openalex.org/W2024740076","https://openalex.org/W2025011477","https://openalex.org/W2029733813","https://openalex.org/W2036058781","https://openalex.org/W2041977448","https://openalex.org/W2047773020","https://openalex.org/W2049403699","https://openalex.org/W2052558531","https://openalex.org/W2057039538","https://openalex.org/W2057221944","https://openalex.org/W2060793884","https://openalex.org/W2062350075","https://openalex.org/W2064604453","https://openalex.org/W2064673022","https://openalex.org/W2066921242","https://openalex.org/W2067507596","https://openalex.org/W2084253034","https://openalex.org/W2087185473","https://openalex.org/W2091850162","https://openalex.org/W2096113236","https://openalex.org/W2097821620","https://openalex.org/W2098000995","https://openalex.org/W2098390074","https://openalex.org/W2099794345","https://openalex.org/W2102200338","https://openalex.org/W2108518448","https://openalex.org/W2111537201","https://openalex.org/W2113060311","https://openalex.org/W2116544104","https://openalex.org/W2117621751","https://openalex.org/W2124573203","https://openalex.org/W2130385086","https://openalex.org/W2134885743","https://openalex.org/W2135937504","https://openalex.org/W2138077181","https://openalex.org/W2139159290","https://openalex.org/W2144414950","https://openalex.org/W2144845076","https://openalex.org/W2148315829","https://openalex.org/W2150597302","https://openalex.org/W2151255932","https://openalex.org/W2163326970","https://openalex.org/W2163691506","https://openalex.org/W2165045575","https://openalex.org/W2166027891","https://openalex.org/W2169247378","https://openalex.org/W2181128270","https://openalex.org/W2326334609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594338282","https://openalex.org/W2030849579","https://openalex.org/W1986263070","https://openalex.org/W1643208746","https://openalex.org/W2038247886","https://openalex.org/W2322274557","https://openalex.org/W1987979943","https://openalex.org/W4299677601","https://openalex.org/W4376226239","https://openalex.org/W2097821620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,7,12,27,30,46,59,73,106,157,160,167,179,192],"key":[2],"ecological":[3,21],"factors":[4],"that":[5,26,65,89,156,189,207],"moderate":[6],"relationship":[8,28,68,162],"between":[9,29,69],"biodiversity":[10],"and":[11,36,72,152,181,194,205],"productivity":[13,193],"of":[14,33,39,48,76,108,126,134,159,170,183,196],"ecosystems":[15],"is":[16,99],"a":[17,66,132],"major":[18],"challenge":[19],"for":[20,142,178],"research.":[22],"Here":[23],"we":[24,63],"show":[25],"species":[31,109,122],"richness":[32,71],"primary":[34],"producers":[35],"net":[37,74],"rates":[38,125],"biomass":[40,77,127],"production":[41,75],"in":[42,58,80,105,119],"streams":[43,57,81,197],"depends":[44],"on":[45,166,203],"history":[47],"discharge-related":[49],"disturbances.":[50],"Using":[51],"common":[52],"methods":[53],"to":[54,94,191,211],"study":[55,146],"83":[56],"mid-Atlantic":[60],"United":[61],"States,":[62],"demonstrate":[64],"positive":[67],"producer":[70],"only":[78],"occurs":[79],"characterized":[82],"by":[83,102],"highly":[84],"variable,":[85],"unpredictable":[86],"discharge":[87],"regimes":[88],"represent":[90],"frequently":[91],"disturbed":[92,112,120],"environments":[93],"benthic":[95],"organisms.":[96],"This":[97],"pattern":[98,115],"partly":[100],"explained":[101],"predictable":[103],"changes":[104,190],"composition":[107],"assemblages":[110],"among":[111],"streams.":[113],"The":[114,173],"also":[116],"results":[117,174],"because,":[118],"systems,":[121],"have":[123,175,199],"faster":[124],"accumulation":[128],"when":[129],"they":[130,187],"are":[131,208],"part":[133],"species-rich":[135],"assemblages.":[136],"We":[137],"discuss":[138],"several":[139],"possible":[140],"explanations":[141],"this":[143],"result.":[144],"Our":[145],"supports":[147],"qualitative":[148],"predictions":[149],"from":[150],"theoretical":[151],"small-scale":[153],"experimental":[154],"work":[155],"strength":[158],"diversity\u2013productivity":[161],"will":[163],"depend":[164],"explicitly":[165],"disturbance":[168],"regime":[169],"an":[171],"ecosystem.":[172],"important":[176],"implications":[177],"management":[180],"conservation":[182],"aquatic":[184],"resources":[185],"as":[186],"suggest":[188],"diversity":[195],"may":[198],"their":[200],"greatest":[201],"impacts":[202],"organisms":[204],"systems":[206],"most":[209],"sensitive":[210],"disturbance.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}