{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167600691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700096388","title":"The Transfer of Technology to China in the Nineteenth Century: The Role of Direct Foreign Investment","display_name":"The Transfer of Technology to China in the Nineteenth Century: The Role of Direct Foreign Investment","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167600691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700096388","mag":"2167600691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050700096388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700096388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700096388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109558374","display_name":"Shannon R. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shannon R. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109558374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96206707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"181","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.4602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-china","display_name":"19th-century China","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-china","display_name":"Chinese political economy","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-government-policy","display_name":"Chinese government policy","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-comparison","display_name":"cost comparison","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.8151499032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.814121663570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.7972242832183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.6315569877624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5497676134109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5344511866569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5310443043708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.425952672958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.4163365662097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.4064931273460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3764686584472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34667110443115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3257834017276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2629150152206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2370724380016327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.12117466330528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.06824201345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06606173515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06191936135292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050700096388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700096388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700096388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:jechis:v:39:y:1979:i:01:p:181-197_09","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022050700096388/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611169492","https://openalex.org/W615803354","https://openalex.org/W650420030","https://openalex.org/W1493861487","https://openalex.org/W1579280825","https://openalex.org/W1603439944","https://openalex.org/W1882787021","https://openalex.org/W1949582288","https://openalex.org/W1970883435","https://openalex.org/W2011233186","https://openalex.org/W2012381489","https://openalex.org/W2022236079","https://openalex.org/W2037354927","https://openalex.org/W2041729901","https://openalex.org/W2048679333","https://openalex.org/W2058038021","https://openalex.org/W2076825319","https://openalex.org/W2091792242","https://openalex.org/W2142332685","https://openalex.org/W2157284812","https://openalex.org/W2168555868","https://openalex.org/W2307048306","https://openalex.org/W2313707083","https://openalex.org/W2332442261","https://openalex.org/W2332659206","https://openalex.org/W2335691872","https://openalex.org/W2344641194","https://openalex.org/W2481385128","https://openalex.org/W2492331320","https://openalex.org/W2492376287","https://openalex.org/W2734987148","https://openalex.org/W2796028367","https://openalex.org/W4205219373","https://openalex.org/W4236383309","https://openalex.org/W4242139996","https://openalex.org/W4244383950","https://openalex.org/W4246140600","https://openalex.org/W4247005822","https://openalex.org/W4247870405","https://openalex.org/W6605485274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2302620953","https://openalex.org/W2516290190","https://openalex.org/W636425989","https://openalex.org/W2051837485","https://openalex.org/W136678578","https://openalex.org/W3000137712","https://openalex.org/W104828528","https://openalex.org/W4383819862","https://openalex.org/W3045914883","https://openalex.org/W2057571293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,70,87],"transfer":[1,97],"of":[2,22,32,40,60,67,74,81,84,92,98],"technology":[3],"to":[4],"China":[5],"in":[6,26,95],"the":[7,19,23,30,58,90,96],"nineteenth":[8],"century":[9],"was":[10,36,43],"carried":[11],"out":[12],"both":[13],"by":[14,47,57,79],"Chinese":[15,24],"and":[16,50,72],"foreigners.":[17],"Given":[18],"half-hearted":[20],"interest":[21],"government":[25],"such":[27,41],"activities,":[28],"however,":[29],"role":[31],"direct":[33],"foreign":[34],"investment":[35],"enhanced.":[37],"profitability":[39],"investments":[42],"determined":[44],"not":[45],"only":[46],"comparative":[48],"costs":[49],"other":[51],"conventional":[52],"economic":[53],"variables,":[54],"but":[55],"also":[56],"interaction":[59,76],"each":[61],"project":[62],"with":[63],"China's":[64],"traditional":[65],"system":[66],"political":[68],"economy.":[69],"nature":[71],"importance":[73,91],"this":[75],"is":[77],"examined":[78],"means":[80],"a":[82],"number":[83],"case":[85],"studies.":[86],"results":[88],"emphasize":[89],"cultural":[93],"elements":[94],"technology.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-19T07:32:40.446753","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
