{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167330812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","title":"High Efficiency 90 $^circ$ Silica Waveguide Bend Using an Air Hole Photonic Crystal Region","display_name":"High Efficiency 90 $^circ$ Silica Waveguide Bend Using an Air Hole Photonic Crystal Region","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167330812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","mag":"2167330812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1025","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454609","display_name":"Seunghyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-7592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-7592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866","https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014463843","display_name":"Gregory P. Nordin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-5764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-5764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.P. Nordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866","https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041942940","display_name":"Jian\u2010Hua Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-0998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-0998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866","https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020091845","display_name":"Jillian Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5006-223X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5006-223X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano and Micro Devices Center, University of Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866","https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0177,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93632087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"1846","last_page":"1848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.2003999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-waveguides","display_name":"silica waveguides","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-integration","display_name":"hybrid integration","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-suppression","display_name":"diffraction suppression","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-genetic-algorithm","display_name":"micro-genetic algorithm","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mode-waveguides","display_name":"single-mode waveguides","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tm-polarization","display_name":"TM polarization","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.6296336054801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75302062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900150","display_name":"Photonic crystal","level":2,"score":0.6275108456611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.6201941967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6132575869560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.5998088717460632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5218257308006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16895185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15101726","display_name":"Perfectly matched layer","level":3,"score":0.4983861446380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18355248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850922","display_name":"Diffraction efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4784281849861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.4700656831264496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.46949532628059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4603561758995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.443929523229599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.4188649654388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23209846019744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.829758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsarchive.byu.edu:facpub-2024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1025","pdf_url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196308","display_name":"ScholarsArchive  (Brigham Young University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","host_organization_name":"Brigham Young University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsarchive.byu.edu:facpub-2024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1025","pdf_url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196308","display_name":"ScholarsArchive  (Brigham Young University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","host_organization_name":"Brigham Young University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167330812.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167330812.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587943894","https://openalex.org/W1451389834","https://openalex.org/W1507437630","https://openalex.org/W1570895503","https://openalex.org/W1965525384","https://openalex.org/W1978422272","https://openalex.org/W1980863701","https://openalex.org/W1986669425","https://openalex.org/W1996128633","https://openalex.org/W1999217912","https://openalex.org/W2003017040","https://openalex.org/W2019366346","https://openalex.org/W2032976201","https://openalex.org/W2036210074","https://openalex.org/W2079141073","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2101521620","https://openalex.org/W2106678976","https://openalex.org/W2165202211","https://openalex.org/W2169252414","https://openalex.org/W2929100314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6982251031","https://openalex.org/W2079141073","https://openalex.org/W1986024659","https://openalex.org/W2046390021","https://openalex.org/W7066545622","https://openalex.org/W2024707427","https://openalex.org/W2005411989","https://openalex.org/W190912701","https://openalex.org/W2082680383","https://openalex.org/W2044865679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"the":[2,37,41,52,56,73],"hybrid":[3],"integration":[4],"of":[5,55,101,108],"an":[6,24,106],"air":[7],"hole":[8],"photonic":[9],"crystal":[10],"(PhC)":[11],"structure":[12,92],"with":[13,63],"a":[14,64,94,99],"high":[15,26],"/spl":[16],"Delta/":[17],"(0.75%)":[18],"single-mode":[19],"silica":[20,44],"waveguide":[21,45],"to":[22,49,71,79],"achieve":[23],"ultracompact":[25],"efficiency":[27,54,97],"90/spl":[28],"deg/":[29],"bend":[30,87,96],"for":[31],"transverse-magnetic":[32],"polarized":[33],"light.":[34],"Diffraction":[35],"from":[36],"periodic":[38],"boundary":[39,77],"between":[40],"PhC":[42,74],"and":[43,75,104],"regions":[46],"is":[47,69],"shown":[48],"seriously":[50],"degrade":[51],"optical":[53],"bend.":[57],"A":[58],"microgenetic":[59],"algorithm":[60],"(\u03bcGA)":[61],"combined":[62],"two-dimensional":[65],"finite-difference":[66],"time-domain":[67],"method":[68],"used":[70],"modify":[72],"its":[76],"layer":[78],"suppress":[80],"this":[81],"diffraction":[82],"which":[83],"in":[84],"turn":[85],"maximizes":[86],"efficiency.":[88],"The":[89],"final":[90],"optimized":[91],"has":[93],"99.4%":[95],"at":[98],"wavelength":[100],"1.55":[102],"\u03bcm":[103],"occupies":[105],"area":[107],"only":[109],"27":[110,112],"\u00d7":[111],"\u03bcm.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}