{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166871111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Use To Prevent Cancer and Chronic Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference","display_name":"The Efficacy and Safety of Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Use To Prevent Cancer and Chronic Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166871111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","mag":"2166871111","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102072700","display_name":"Han-Yao Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Yao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109802212","display_name":"Benjamin H Caballero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Caballero","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101559110","display_name":"Stephanie Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-4102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-4102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046887374","display_name":"Anthony J. Alberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-1685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-1685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony J. Alberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029506023","display_name":"Richard D. Semba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-2908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-2908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard D. Semba","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081463854","display_name":"Christine R. Schneyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine R. Schneyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062226918","display_name":"Ren\u00e9e F Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-1017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-1017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renee F. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088345646","display_name":"Ting\u2010Yuan David Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-828X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-828X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Yuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021507441","display_name":"Jason L. Vassy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-5564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-5564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Vassy","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007436540","display_name":"Gregory P. Prokopowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-2422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-2422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Prokopowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041839438","display_name":"George J Barnes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George J. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056638016","display_name":"Eric B Bass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-527X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-527X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric B. Bass","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":244,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96049744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"145","issue":"5","first_page":"372","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.5565999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.5565999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.3862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivitamin-mineral-supplements","display_name":"multivitamin and mineral supplements","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplements","display_name":"dietary supplements","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-prevention","display_name":"cancer prevention","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-prevention","display_name":"chronic disease prevention","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-prevention","display_name":"primary prevention","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplement-efficacy","display_name":"supplement efficacy","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplement-safety","display_name":"supplement safety","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-effects","display_name":"adverse effects","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-carotene","display_name":"beta-carotene","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium","display_name":"selenium","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidants","display_name":"antioxidants","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-e","display_name":"vitamin E","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-cancer","display_name":"gastric cancer","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-mortality","display_name":"stroke mortality","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-macular-degeneration","display_name":"age-related macular degeneration","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cataract","display_name":"cataract","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-women","display_name":"pregnant women","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9021317362785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776551950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172395","display_name":"Multivitamin","level":3,"score":0.8521180152893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6326199769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5553706884384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780234812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787013","display_name":"Cancer prevention","level":3,"score":0.4897063076496124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4274361729621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.42566561698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.32645028829574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2016260027885437}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008903","descriptor_name":"Minerals","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008903","descriptor_name":"Minerals","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011322","descriptor_name":"Primary Prevention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014815","descriptor_name":"Vitamins","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014815","descriptor_name":"Vitamins","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16880453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.694.4923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.694.4923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://annals.org/data/Journals/AIM/20121/0000605-200609050-00135.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4100068349","display_name":"MICRONUTRIENTS AND MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV","funder_award_id":"R01HD032247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4567387693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"290-02-0018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39281167","https://openalex.org/W1247968195","https://openalex.org/W1857052429","https://openalex.org/W1919851123","https://openalex.org/W1959742141","https://openalex.org/W1995580618","https://openalex.org/W1995731966","https://openalex.org/W1996520363","https://openalex.org/W2005283616","https://openalex.org/W2015187968","https://openalex.org/W2020994415","https://openalex.org/W2040140164","https://openalex.org/W2054841867","https://openalex.org/W2065693906","https://openalex.org/W2070533822","https://openalex.org/W2076250043","https://openalex.org/W2080482903","https://openalex.org/W2084853089","https://openalex.org/W2087122305","https://openalex.org/W2091258331","https://openalex.org/W2096007084","https://openalex.org/W2115748938","https://openalex.org/W2116112221","https://openalex.org/W2122539248","https://openalex.org/W2128382419","https://openalex.org/W2131961290","https://openalex.org/W2139187233","https://openalex.org/W2148917936","https://openalex.org/W2160740611","https://openalex.org/W2161427454","https://openalex.org/W2163641344","https://openalex.org/W2166975295","https://openalex.org/W2183867900","https://openalex.org/W2313837936","https://openalex.org/W2315403385","https://openalex.org/W2412585245","https://openalex.org/W2470077533","https://openalex.org/W2597267452","https://openalex.org/W2598520882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096448756","https://openalex.org/W259133912","https://openalex.org/W1465732716","https://openalex.org/W2168613688","https://openalex.org/W4246461338","https://openalex.org/W2071214084","https://openalex.org/W4283215237","https://openalex.org/W2123415869","https://openalex.org/W2286958993","https://openalex.org/W1608475262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Multivitamin":[1,217],"and":[2,23,34,50,56,61,75,79,97,114,122,148,166,172,178,202,218,237,252,259,271,290,355,361],"mineral":[3,219,291,356],"supplements":[4,11,220,292,333,357],"are":[5],"the":[6,13,21,38,47,137,151,169,179,205,241,249,274,335,345],"most":[7],"commonly":[8],"used":[9],"dietary":[10],"in":[12,29,37,68,82,211,215,248,265,281],"United":[14],"States.":[15],"PURPOSE:":[16],"To":[17],"synthesize":[18],"studies":[19,81,138,152],"on":[20,126,139,153,225],"efficacy":[22,113,303],"safety":[24],"of":[25,32,46,58,171,207,256,276,288,311,330,349,353],"multivitamin/mineral":[26],"supplement":[27],"use":[28,310,329,352],"primary":[30],"prevention":[31],"cancer":[33,177,184,208,360],"chronic":[35,362],"disease":[36,227],"general":[39,336],"population.":[40,338],"DATA":[41,91,102],"SOURCES:":[42],"English-language":[43],"literature":[44],"search":[45],"MEDLINE,":[48],"EMBASE,":[49],"Cochrane":[51],"databases":[52],"through":[53],"February":[54],"2006":[55],"hand-searching":[57],"pertinent":[59],"journals":[60],"articles.":[62],"STUDY":[63],"SELECTION:":[64],"Randomized,":[65],"controlled":[66,77,109,120,298],"trials":[67,78,110,121,299],"adults":[69,83],"were":[70,86,129,293,300,321],"reviewed":[71,87],"to":[72,88,187,317,328,343,358],"assess":[73,89],"efficacy,":[74],"randomized,":[76,108,119,297],"observational":[80],"or":[84,144,228,347],"children":[85],"safety.":[90],"EXTRACTION:":[92],"Paired":[93],"reviewers":[94],"extracted":[95],"data":[96],"independently":[98],"assessed":[99,112],"study":[100,251],"quality.":[101],"SYNTHESIS:":[103],"12":[104],"articles":[105,116],"from":[106,117,175,183,244,351],"5":[107],"that":[111,231,253],"8":[115],"4":[118],"3":[123],"case":[124],"reports":[125],"adverse":[127,286],"effects":[128,287],"identified.":[130],"Study":[131],"quality":[132],"was":[133],"rated":[134],"fair":[135],"for":[136,150,302],"cancer,":[140],"cardiovascular":[141,226],"disease,":[142],"cataracts,":[143,229],"age-related":[145,278],"macular":[146,279],"degeneration":[147,280],"poor":[149],"hypertension.":[154],"In":[155,189],"a":[156,190,254,266],"poorly":[157],"nourished":[158],"Chinese":[159],"population,":[160],"combined":[161,193,232],"supplementation":[162,194,239],"with":[163,195],"beta-carotene,":[164,200,233],"alpha-tocopherol,":[165,235],"selenium":[167],"reduced":[168,204,240],"incidence":[170],"mortality":[173,181,242],"rate":[174,182,206,243],"gastric":[176],"overall":[180],"by":[185,209,246,314,334],"13%":[186],"21%.":[188],"French":[191],"trial,":[192],"vitamin":[196,198],"C,":[197],"E,":[199],"selenium,":[201,234],"zinc":[203,238,270],"31%":[210],"men":[212],"but":[213],"not":[214,322,326],"women.":[216],"had":[221],"no":[222],"significant":[223],"effect":[224],"except":[230],"retinol,":[236],"stroke":[245],"29%":[247],"Linxian":[250],"combination":[255],"7":[257],"vitamins":[258],"minerals":[260],"stabilized":[261],"visual":[262],"acuity":[263],"loss":[264],"small":[267],"trial.":[268],"Combined":[269],"antioxidants":[272],"slowed":[273],"progression":[275],"advanced":[277],"high-risk":[282],"persons.":[283],"No":[284],"consistent":[285],"multivitamin":[289,332,354],"evident.":[294],"LIMITATIONS:":[295],"Only":[296],"considered":[301],"assessment.":[304],"Special":[305],"nutritional":[306],"needs,":[307],"such":[308],"as":[309],"folic":[312],"acid":[313],"pregnant":[315],"women":[316],"prevent":[318,359],"birth":[319],"defects,":[320],"addressed.":[323],"Findings":[324],"may":[325],"apply":[327],"commercial":[331],"U.S.":[337],"CONCLUSIONS:":[339],"Evidence":[340],"is":[341],"insufficient":[342],"prove":[344],"presence":[346],"absence":[348],"benefits":[350],"disease.":[363]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}