{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166860180","doi":null,"title":"The physician assistant: Shifting the Paradigm of European medical practice?","display_name":"The physician assistant: Shifting the Paradigm of European medical practice?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166860180","mag":"2166860180","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23440027","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3484637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2578074","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3484637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3484637","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072586578","display_name":"Frank Merkle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-6988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-6988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105663","display_name":"Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/01mmady97","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105663","https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90812881","display_name":"Steinbeis University Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03efsge90","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90812881"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Merkle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steinbeis University, Berlin, Germany ; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany","Steinbeis University Berlin (SHB)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steinbeis University, Berlin, Germany ; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105663","https://openalex.org/I90812881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steinbeis University Berlin (SHB)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90812881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079567493","display_name":"Tamara S. Ritsema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-2110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-2110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T S Ritsema","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","St George's University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St George's University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S Bauer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90812881","display_name":"Steinbeis University Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03efsge90","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90812881"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steinbeis University Berlin (SHB)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steinbeis University Berlin (SHB)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90812881"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062597103","display_name":"Luppo Kuilman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-3265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-3265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Kuilman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87125589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"255","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11816","display_name":"Nursing Roles and Practices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11816","display_name":"Nursing Roles and Practices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11497","display_name":"Interprofessional Education and Collaboration","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-assistants","display_name":"physician assistants","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-assistant-education","display_name":"physician assistant education","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-workforce-shortage","display_name":"health workforce shortage","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-associations","display_name":"professional associations","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-models","display_name":"educational models","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-kingdom","display_name":"United Kingdom","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netherlands","display_name":"Netherlands","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.7210418581962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.6740326881408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5446524024009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020008087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718927","display_name":"Physician assistants","level":4,"score":0.5242043733596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48362770676612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.46358394622802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4399755001068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.42317214608192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4215385913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24926871061325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018572941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595071","display_name":"Nurse practitioners","level":3,"score":0.15810918807983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2578074","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3484637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3484637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3484637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23440027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23440027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HSR proceedings in intensive care & cardiovascular anesthesia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:hbo:oai:hbokennisbank.nl:hanzepure:oai:research.hanze.nl:publications/032f8f8c-2ace-4db6-bac4-da5e25621c0a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.hanze.nl/en/publications/032f8f8c-2ace-4db6-bac4-da5e25621c0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HSR proceedings in intensive care &amp; cardiovascular anesthesia, 3(4), 255 - 62","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2166860180","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23440027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2581039081","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/the-physician-assistant(15a17297-3104-4bf4-b4df-5e0e8017b209)/export.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512383","display_name":"HSR Proceedings in Intensive Care & Cardiovascular Anesthesia/HSR  Proceedings in Intensive Care & Cardiovascular Anesthesia","issn_l":"2037-0504","issn":["2037-0504","2037-0512"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HSR Proceedings in Intensive Care & Cardiovascular Anesthesia/HSR Proceedings in Intensive Care & Cardiovascular Anesthesia","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2578074","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3484637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"},{"score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1641853111","https://openalex.org/W1994256540","https://openalex.org/W2016291230","https://openalex.org/W2087125421","https://openalex.org/W2106546283","https://openalex.org/W2135671337","https://openalex.org/W2144049370","https://openalex.org/W2158626890","https://openalex.org/W2334539737","https://openalex.org/W2436435522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983710126","https://openalex.org/W7080462033","https://openalex.org/W2330795251","https://openalex.org/W2527054276","https://openalex.org/W2016291230","https://openalex.org/W1996695969","https://openalex.org/W4409115621","https://openalex.org/W2110074299","https://openalex.org/W3201583929","https://openalex.org/W18424609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Physician":[1,18,57],"Assistants":[2],"are":[3,99,106,109],"medical":[4,15,40],"care":[5],"providers":[6],"working":[7],"under":[8],"supervision":[9],"and/or":[10],"in":[11,24,29,60,68,96,102,118,147,150],"collaboration":[12],"with":[13],"a":[14,175],"doctor.":[16],"The":[17,111,155],"Assistant":[19,58],"profession":[20,91,177],"has":[21,33],"its":[22],"origin":[23],"the":[25,30,48,56,89,119,124,129,133,151,167,172],"United":[26,120],"States,":[27],"but":[28],"last":[31],"decade":[32],"also":[34],"reached":[35],"other":[36],"nations":[37],"to":[38,54,165,170,187],"overcome":[39],"staffing":[41],"issues.":[42],"With":[43],"little":[44],"summarized":[45],"literature":[46,64,140,158],"available,":[47],"aim":[49],"of":[50,114,157,174],"this":[51],"study":[52],"is":[53,138,185],"portray":[55],"movement":[59],"Europe.":[61,196],"METHODS:":[62],"A":[63],"search":[65],"was":[66],"conducted":[67],"Academic":[69],"Search":[70],"Premier,":[71],"CINAHL,":[72],"ERIC":[73],"and":[74,85,108,123,145,169,193],"MEDLINE":[75],"databases.":[76,154],"In":[77],"addition,":[78],"European":[79],"PA":[80,90],"educational":[81,112],"programs,":[82],"professional":[83],"associations,":[84],"local":[86],"experts":[87],"on":[88,178],"were":[92],"queried.":[93],"RESULTS:":[94],"Currently,":[95],"Europe":[97,148],"there":[98],"three":[100],"countries":[101],"which":[103],"physician":[104,115,142,190],"assistants":[105],"trained":[107],"working.":[110],"models":[113],"assistant":[116,143,191],"training":[117,134,144],"Kingdom,":[121],"Germany":[122],"Netherlands":[125],"differ,":[126],"as":[127],"do":[128],"degrees":[130],"offered":[131],"by":[132],"institutions.":[135],"CONCLUSIONS:":[136],"There":[137],"scant":[139],"about":[141],"practice":[146],"available":[149],"common":[152],"scientific":[153],"paucity":[156],"makes":[159],"it":[160],"difficult":[161],"for":[162],"an":[163],"outsider":[164],"observe":[166],"developments":[168],"value":[171],"impact":[173],"new":[176],"national":[179],"health":[180],"systems.":[181],"Further":[182],"high-quality":[183],"research":[184],"needed":[186],"adequately":[188],"characterize":[189],"education":[192],"implementation":[194],"across":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
