{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166514780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","title":"What do vegetarians in the United States eat?","display_name":"What do vegetarians in the United States eat?","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166514780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","mag":"2166514780","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12936957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522033640/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71285955","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","issn_l":"0002-9165","issn":["0002-9165","1938-3207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522033640/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013302035","display_name":"Ella Hasso Haddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-8433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-8433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","display_name":"Loma Linda University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bj28v14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ella H Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. ehaddad@sph.llu.edu","From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. ehaddad@sph.llu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045647350","display_name":"Jay S. Tanzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-9292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-9292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","display_name":"Loma Linda University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bj28v14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay S Tanzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013302035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"],"apc_list":{"value":5200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6023,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9573901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"3","first_page":"626S","last_page":"632S"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11259","display_name":"Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetarians","display_name":"vegetarians","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-habits","display_name":"dietary habits","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-intake","display_name":"nutrient intake","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-consumption","display_name":"dietary intake","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-consumption","display_name":"meat consumption","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fat","display_name":"dietary fat","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturated-fat","display_name":"saturated fat","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesterol","display_name":"cholesterol","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fiber","display_name":"dietary fiber","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabaceae","display_name":"Fabaceae","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain","display_name":"grain","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruits","display_name":"fruits","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wine","display_name":"wine","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778089274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243069","display_name":"Red meat","level":2,"score":0.5693204998970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.520793616771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4992530345916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3930145800113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3482586741447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21488574147224426}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004034","descriptor_name":"Diet Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008460","descriptor_name":"Meat","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014676","descriptor_name":"Diet, Vegetarian","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522033640/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71285955","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","issn_l":"0002-9165","issn":["0002-9165","1938-3207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12936957","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12936957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.967.1647","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.967.1647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/78/3/626S.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.626s","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522033640/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71285955","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","issn_l":"0002-9165","issn":["0002-9165","1938-3207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2166514780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2166514780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79433707","https://openalex.org/W83348053","https://openalex.org/W160985451","https://openalex.org/W1614139721","https://openalex.org/W1792878720","https://openalex.org/W1845367003","https://openalex.org/W1878340023","https://openalex.org/W1889411176","https://openalex.org/W1908257691","https://openalex.org/W1932572639","https://openalex.org/W1948937238","https://openalex.org/W1949240986","https://openalex.org/W1974906087","https://openalex.org/W2017583323","https://openalex.org/W2017677597","https://openalex.org/W2022888328","https://openalex.org/W2032000760","https://openalex.org/W2053705100","https://openalex.org/W2102943852","https://openalex.org/W2160627081","https://openalex.org/W2166383386","https://openalex.org/W2166402830","https://openalex.org/W2172208206","https://openalex.org/W2218960607","https://openalex.org/W2259017069","https://openalex.org/W2318556842","https://openalex.org/W4230157693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098948521","https://openalex.org/W977351750","https://openalex.org/W1970483577","https://openalex.org/W311756457","https://openalex.org/W2100486407","https://openalex.org/W3176535661","https://openalex.org/W6887813173","https://openalex.org/W2951738233","https://openalex.org/W1994799147","https://openalex.org/W2143842664"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}