{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166282011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701881699","title":"The effectiveness of self-assessment on the identification of learner needs, learner activity, and impact on clinical practice: BEME Guide no. 10","display_name":"The effectiveness of self-assessment on the identification of learner needs, learner activity, and impact on clinical practice: BEME Guide no. 10","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166282011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701881699","mag":"2166282011","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18464136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01421590701881699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701881699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701881699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135934248","display_name":"Medical Teacher","issn_l":"0142-159X","issn":["0142-159X","1466-187X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Teacher","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1508426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073370555","display_name":"Iain Colthart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673421","display_name":"NHS Education for Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/011ye7p58","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain Colthart","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHS Education for Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHS Education for Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031940643","display_name":"Gellisse Bagnall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673421","display_name":"NHS Education for Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/011ye7p58","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gellisse Bagnall","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHS Education for Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHS Education for Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alison Evans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063348963","display_name":"Helen Allbutt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673421","display_name":"NHS Education for Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/011ye7p58","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Allbutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHS Education for Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHS Education for Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046461357","display_name":"Alex Haig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799673421","display_name":"NHS Education for Scotland","ror":"https://ror.org/011ye7p58","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Haig","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHS Education for Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHS Education for Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799673421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040724165","display_name":"Jan C Illing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-9775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-9775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Illing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Newcastle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058305989","display_name":"Brian McKinstry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-0468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-0468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian McKinstry","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058305989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":397,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98920086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"124","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11744","display_name":"Health Sciences Research and Education","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assessment","display_name":"self-assessment","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professions-education","display_name":"health professions education","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-needs","display_name":"learning needs","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice-change","display_name":"clinical practice change","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-outcomes","display_name":"patient outcomes","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback","display_name":"feedback","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-feedback","display_name":"video feedback","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assessment-accuracy","display_name":"self-assessment accuracy","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-education","display_name":"graduate education","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-education","display_name":"undergraduate education","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appraisal-system","display_name":"appraisal system","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-behavior","display_name":"professional conduct","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-activities","display_name":"learning activities","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-criteria","display_name":"evaluation criteria","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6648775935173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5983903408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.49351537227630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48648756742477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41850703954696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3270731568336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.1956542730331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012647","descriptor_name":"Self-Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020380","descriptor_name":"Needs Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01421590701881699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701881699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701881699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135934248","display_name":"Medical Teacher","issn_l":"0142-159X","issn":["0142-159X","1466-187X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Teacher","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18464136","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18464136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical teacher","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:10162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/10162/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medical teacher, 2008, Vol.30(2), pp.124-145 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1508426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1508426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1508426","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1508426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1508426","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1508426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130090570","https://openalex.org/W370265273","https://openalex.org/W1487711117","https://openalex.org/W1523330993","https://openalex.org/W1552251457","https://openalex.org/W1561476688","https://openalex.org/W1564012387","https://openalex.org/W1573990476","https://openalex.org/W1595988117","https://openalex.org/W1963646845","https://openalex.org/W1964981507","https://openalex.org/W1965574830","https://openalex.org/W1968485804","https://openalex.org/W1969073627","https://openalex.org/W1971530238","https://openalex.org/W1973480107","https://openalex.org/W1975247671","https://openalex.org/W1975419157","https://openalex.org/W1977969290","https://openalex.org/W1978974820","https://openalex.org/W1982210139","https://openalex.org/W1982230971","https://openalex.org/W1983779029","https://openalex.org/W1984142978","https://openalex.org/W1984968268","https://openalex.org/W1985369133","https://openalex.org/W1989719844","https://openalex.org/W1993333885","https://openalex.org/W2000134069","https://openalex.org/W2003613238","https://openalex.org/W2003821078","https://openalex.org/W2008165711","https://openalex.org/W2008821325","https://openalex.org/W2009939882","https://openalex.org/W2010284328","https://openalex.org/W2012108241","https://openalex.org/W2017592954","https://openalex.org/W2019036948","https://openalex.org/W2033557575","https://openalex.org/W2041487528","https://openalex.org/W2043518720","https://openalex.org/W2044793259","https://openalex.org/W2046139116","https://openalex.org/W2047765444","https://openalex.org/W2049747787","https://openalex.org/W2050541054","https://openalex.org/W2056956675","https://openalex.org/W2058401828","https://openalex.org/W2058945027","https://openalex.org/W2059602965","https://openalex.org/W2064944378","https://openalex.org/W2065027146","https://openalex.org/W2065128883","https://openalex.org/W2066125474","https://openalex.org/W2066166444","https://openalex.org/W2068067094","https://openalex.org/W2068757607","https://openalex.org/W2071605306","https://openalex.org/W2072762786","https://openalex.org/W2075129511","https://openalex.org/W2075717546","https://openalex.org/W2078461091","https://openalex.org/W2084057771","https://openalex.org/W2084916150","https://openalex.org/W2087066504","https://openalex.org/W2092153032","https://openalex.org/W2095973156","https://openalex.org/W2100492091","https://openalex.org/W2101410651","https://openalex.org/W2105501846","https://openalex.org/W2119763856","https://openalex.org/W2120386903","https://openalex.org/W2123346247","https://openalex.org/W2128555884","https://openalex.org/W2128771384","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2135449320","https://openalex.org/W2137380316","https://openalex.org/W2141284179","https://openalex.org/W2144742466","https://openalex.org/W2146006411","https://openalex.org/W2151575069","https://openalex.org/W2155905022","https://openalex.org/W2158021615","https://openalex.org/W2162457147","https://openalex.org/W2166252343","https://openalex.org/W2167461288","https://openalex.org/W2171759225","https://openalex.org/W2172035906","https://openalex.org/W2404279479","https://openalex.org/W2407096132","https://openalex.org/W2411823353","https://openalex.org/W2472146810","https://openalex.org/W2604465442","https://openalex.org/W2617502216","https://openalex.org/W2656346657","https://openalex.org/W2888190061","https://openalex.org/W2971236572","https://openalex.org/W3214923421","https://openalex.org/W4245034287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946085609","https://openalex.org/W2026208887","https://openalex.org/W3049115993","https://openalex.org/W1798468849","https://openalex.org/W7098890064","https://openalex.org/W2113871076","https://openalex.org/W2982351389","https://openalex.org/W2008233978","https://openalex.org/W7100562576","https://openalex.org/W1573990476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Health":[1],"professionals":[2],"are":[3,410],"increasingly":[4],"expected":[5],"to":[6,21,73,81,289,357,415,428,461,471],"identify":[7],"their":[8],"own":[9],"learning":[10,44,84,103,109,480],"needs":[11],"through":[12],"a":[13,130,248,258,268,279,365,448],"process":[14,255],"of":[15,33,68,78,95,102,132,185,194,196,247,260,271,282,285,297,304,318,381,432,475],"ongoing":[16],"self-assessment.":[17,371,433],"Self-assessment":[18],"is":[19],"integral":[20],"many":[22],"appraisal":[23],"systems":[24],"and":[25,41,127,142,160,175,198,213,243,316,341,363,390,392,398,468,481],"has":[26],"been":[27],"espoused":[28],"as":[29,210],"an":[30,137,182,221],"important":[31],"aspect":[32],"personal":[34],"professional":[35,482],"behaviour":[36,85],"by":[37,218,237,386,393],"several":[38],"regulatory":[39],"bodies":[40],"those":[42],"developing":[43],"outcomes":[45,179],"for":[46,93,122,263,369,450,465],"clinical":[47,87,113,169,346,483],"students.":[48],"In":[49,188,455],"this":[50,123,319,445],"review":[51,62,71,124,353,419,446],"we":[52,190],"considered":[53],"the":[54,69,227,253,302,337,359,379,407,412,440,459,463],"evidence":[55,92,367,377,405],"base":[56,368],"on":[57,300],"self-assessment":[58,79,96,164,197,305,340,382,477],"since":[59],"Gordon's":[60],"comprehensive":[61],"in":[63,83,108,129,165,168,257,292,344,436],"1991.":[64],"The":[65,120,245,295],"overall":[66],"aim":[67],"present":[70],"was":[72,354,375,402],"determine":[74],"whether":[75],"specific":[76,360],"methods":[77,121],"lead":[80],"change":[82,107],"or":[86,333,348],"practice.":[88,484],"Specific":[89],"objectives":[90],"sought":[91],"effectiveness":[94],"interventions":[97],"to:":[98],"a.":[99],"improve":[100,112,116,479],"perception":[101],"needs;":[104],"b.":[105],"promote":[106],"activity;":[110],"c.":[111],"practice;":[114],"d.":[115],"patient":[117,349],"outcomes.":[118,350],"METHODS:":[119],"were":[125,171,204,208,284,324],"developed":[126],"refined":[128],"series":[131],"workshops":[133],"with":[134,178],"input":[135],"from":[136,226,274,444],"expert":[138],"BEME":[139,144,229,438],"systematic":[140,426],"reviewer,":[141],"followed":[143],"guidance.":[145,400],"Databases":[146],"searched":[147],"included":[148,191,233,291],"Medline,":[149],"CINAHL,":[150],"BNI,":[151],"Embase,":[152],"EBM":[153],"Collection,":[154],"Psychlit,":[155],"HMIC,":[156],"ERIC,":[157],"BEI,":[158],"TIMElit":[159],"RDRB.":[161],"Papers":[162],"addressing":[163],"all":[166],"professions":[167],"practice":[170,347],"included,":[172],"covering":[173],"under-":[174],"post-graduate":[176],"education,":[177],"classified":[180],"using":[181,220],"extended":[183],"version":[184],"Kirkpatrick's":[186,328],"hierarchy.":[187],"addition":[189],"outcome":[192],"measures":[193],"accuracy":[195,303,380],"factors":[199],"influencing":[200],"it.":[201],"5,798":[202],"papers":[203,215,235,251,262,272,323],"retrieved,":[205],"194":[206],"abstracts":[207],"identified":[209,236],"potentially":[211],"relevant":[212],"103":[214],"coded":[216],"independently":[217],"pairs":[219],"electronic":[222],"coding":[223],"sheet":[224],"adapted":[225],"standard":[228],"form.":[230],"This":[231],"total":[232,259],"12":[234,250],"hand-searches,":[238],"grey":[239],"literature,":[240],"cited":[241],"references":[242],"updating.":[244],"identification":[246],"further":[249,429,472],"during":[252],"writing-up":[254],"resulted":[256,273],"77":[261],"final":[264],"analysis.":[265],"RESULTS:":[266],"Although":[267],"large":[269],"number":[270],"our":[275,293,352,430,473],"original":[276],"search":[277],"only":[278],"small":[280],"proportion":[281],"these":[283,298,422],"sufficient":[286],"academic":[287],"rigour":[288],"be":[290,384],"review.":[294],"majority":[296],"focused":[299],"judging":[301],"against":[306],"some":[307,376,404],"external":[308],"standard,":[309],"which":[310,326,334],"raises":[311],"questions":[312,362],"about":[313],"assumed":[314],"reliability":[315],"validity":[317],"'gold":[320],"standard'.":[321],"No":[322],"found":[325],"satisfied":[327],"hierarchy":[329],"above":[330],"level":[331],"2,":[332],"looked":[335],"at":[336],"association":[338],"between":[339],"resulting":[342],"changes":[343],"either":[345],"Thus":[351],"largely":[355],"unable":[356],"answer":[358],"research":[361,427],"provide":[364],"solid":[366],"effective":[370],"Despite":[372],"this,":[373],"there":[374],"that":[378,406,421],"can":[383,478],"enhanced":[385],"feedback,":[387],"particularly":[388],"video":[389],"verbal,":[391],"providing":[394],"explicit":[395],"assessment":[396],"criteria":[397],"benchmarking":[399],"There":[401],"also":[403,411],"least":[408,413],"competent":[409],"able":[414],"self-assess":[416],"accurately.":[417],"Our":[418],"recommends":[420],"areas":[423],"merit":[424],"future":[425],"understanding":[431,474],"CONCLUSION:":[434],"As":[435],"other":[437],"reviews,":[439],"methodological":[441],"issues":[442],"emerging":[443],"indicate":[447],"need":[449,460],"more":[451],"rigorous":[452],"study":[453],"designs.":[454],"addition,":[456],"it":[457],"highlights":[458],"consider":[462],"potential":[464],"combining":[466],"qualitative":[467],"quantitative":[469],"data":[470],"how":[476]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}