{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166207987","doi":null,"title":"Action spectra for human skin cells: estimates of the relative cytotoxicity of the middle ultraviolet, near ultraviolet, and violet regions of sunlight on epidermal keratinocytes.","display_name":"Action spectra for human skin cells: estimates of the relative cytotoxicity of the middle ultraviolet, near ultraviolet, and violet regions of sunlight on epidermal keratinocytes.","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166207987","mag":"2166207987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2434224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2434224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2434224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048867446","display_name":"Rex M. Tyrrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-3348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-3348"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R M Tyrrell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072060800","display_name":"Mireille Pidoux","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Pidoux","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98936642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"7","first_page":"1825","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11359","display_name":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-spectrum","display_name":"action spectrum","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet-radiation","display_name":"ultraviolet radiation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidermal-keratinocytes","display_name":"epidermal keratinocytes","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-fibroblasts","display_name":"human fibroblasts","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uva-radiation","display_name":"UVA","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-b-radiation","display_name":"UV-B radiation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violet-light","display_name":"violet light","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythema","display_name":"erythema","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911","display_name":"Human skin","level":2,"score":0.741079568862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776798109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet","level":2,"score":0.6997503638267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170853661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193788","display_name":"Sunlight","level":2,"score":0.6617474555969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776458125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827343","display_name":"Epidermis (zoology)","level":2,"score":0.6229477524757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.5467568039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.47927185893058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779121184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166142","display_name":"Erythema","level":2,"score":0.44178470969200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.36237359046936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2723581790924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2196943461894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20186331868171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.16541093587875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1256779432296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.10977527499198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.10299131274223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10226887464523315}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004307","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004817","descriptor_name":"Epidermis","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007633","descriptor_name":"Keratins","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2434224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2434224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.327.4771","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.327.4771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/47/7/1825.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2166207987","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2434224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72700753","https://openalex.org/W602201823","https://openalex.org/W767451520","https://openalex.org/W1965213997","https://openalex.org/W2007035471","https://openalex.org/W2009023255","https://openalex.org/W2032504937","https://openalex.org/W2049043712","https://openalex.org/W2051746874","https://openalex.org/W2069478795","https://openalex.org/W2081945626","https://openalex.org/W2091795660","https://openalex.org/W2092873988","https://openalex.org/W2111359062","https://openalex.org/W2112382027","https://openalex.org/W2146362147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095345097","https://openalex.org/W82239747","https://openalex.org/W2321285170","https://openalex.org/W1991024483","https://openalex.org/W134541578","https://openalex.org/W2915669374","https://openalex.org/W1980626210","https://openalex.org/W3214776309","https://openalex.org/W4378516134","https://openalex.org/W2064198244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Action":[0],"spectra":[1,31,180],"for":[2,18,32,48,74,111,159,182,189],"the":[3,10,26,33,55,60,88,93,114,118,123,143,164,168,196,218],"cytotoxic":[4,145,165],"action":[5,179],"of":[6,57,59,77,92,109,117,142,147,163,167,177,195,214],"electromagnetic":[7],"radiation":[8],"in":[9,126],"solar":[11],"range":[12],"280-434":[13],"nm":[14],"have":[15,86],"been":[16],"determined":[17],"human":[19,50,62,78,183,197,219],"fibroblasts":[20],"and":[21,41,80,104,171],"epidermal":[22],"keratinocytes":[23],"derived":[24],"from":[25],"same":[27],"foreskin":[28],"biopsy.":[29],"The":[30],"two":[34],"cell":[35,63],"types":[36,64],"are":[37],"close":[38],"to":[39,161,192,207],"identical":[40],"coincide":[42],"with":[43,185],"our":[44],"previously":[45],"published":[46,72,178],"data":[47,73,181,187],"a":[49,175],"lymphoblastoid":[51],"line":[52],"indicating":[53],"that":[54,122,200],"mechanism":[56],"inactivation":[58],"three":[61],"is":[65],"similar":[66],"at":[67,113,149,210],"any":[68],"given":[69],"wavelength.":[70],"Using":[71],"ultraviolet":[75,95,100,190],"transmission":[76,191],"skin":[79],"sample":[81],"spectral":[82,134],"irradiance":[83],"data,":[84],"we":[85],"estimated":[87],"relative":[89],"biological":[90],"effectiveness":[91,146,166],"middle":[94],"(UVB)":[96],"(290-320":[97],"nm),":[98,103],"near":[99],"(UVA)":[101],"(320-380":[102],"violet":[105],"(380-434":[106],"nm)":[107],"regions":[108],"sunlight":[110,129,148],"cytotoxicity":[112,186,208],"basal":[115],"layer":[116],"epidermis.":[119,220],"We":[120],"conclude":[121],"UVB":[124,132,172],"component":[125],"noon":[127],"summer":[128],"(the":[130],"most":[131],"rich":[133],"conditions":[135],"tested)":[136],"may":[137],"contribute":[138],"only":[139],"about":[140],"40%":[141],"total":[144],"290-434":[150],"nm.":[151],"At":[152],"lower":[153],"zenith":[154],"angles,":[155],"UVA":[156,170,201],"can":[157],"account":[158],"up":[160],"80%":[162],"combined":[169],"regions.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"comparison":[176],"erythema":[184,202],"corrected":[188],"different":[193],"depths":[194],"epidermis":[198],"suggests":[199],"could":[203],"be":[204],"causally":[205],"related":[206],"occurring":[209],"an":[211],"average":[212],"depth":[213],"40-50":[215],"micron":[216],"into":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}