{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166170239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046694","title":"Effect of spacing presentations on retention of a paired associate over short intervals.","display_name":"Effect of spacing presentations on retention of a paired associate over short intervals.","publication_year":1963,"publication_date":"1963-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166170239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046694","mag":"2166170239","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13942778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/h0046694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168021","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1015","issn":["0022-1015","1946-1941"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051024353","display_name":"Lloyd R. Peterson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lloyd R. Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Richard Wampler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Wampler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Meredith Kirkpatrick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith Kirkpatrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068710564","display_name":"Dorothy Saltzman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothy Saltzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82004556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"2","first_page":"206","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paired-associates","display_name":"paired associates","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retention-interval","display_name":"retention interval","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacing-effect","display_name":"spacing effect","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-memory","display_name":"short-term memory","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-retrieval","display_name":"memory retrieval","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cue-learning","display_name":"cue learning","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation-rate","display_name":"presentation rate","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-pairs","display_name":"word pairs","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7261366844177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.41713768243789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22730031609535217}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010153","descriptor_name":"Paired-Associate Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012108","descriptor_name":"Research Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/h0046694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168021","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1015","issn":["0022-1015","1946-1941"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:13942778","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13942778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.374.4954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.374.4954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gwern.net/docs/1963-peterson.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653543039","https://openalex.org/W2009254627","https://openalex.org/W2052843855","https://openalex.org/W2493519461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008623585","https://openalex.org/W2081205737","https://openalex.org/W7037386434","https://openalex.org/W2329059578","https://openalex.org/W1984299084","https://openalex.org/W2321951924","https://openalex.org/W2050932199","https://openalex.org/W2011860865","https://openalex.org/W2044137401","https://openalex.org/W2550205709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3":[0],"experiments":[1],"varying":[2,108],"the":[3,16,52,74,83,109],"interval":[4,54,111],"between":[5,112],"2":[6,35],"presentations":[7,48,114],"of":[8,23,34,66,73,115,119],"paired":[9],"associates":[10,120],"were":[11,49],"reported.":[12],"Other":[13],"pairs":[14,32],"filled":[15],"spacing":[17,53],"and":[18,26,43],"retention":[19,45,90,103],"intervals.":[20,104],"Pairs":[21],"consisting":[22,33],"a":[24,27,38,63,93,130],"word":[25],"number":[28],"as":[29,31],"well":[30],"words":[36],"showed":[37],"superiority":[39],"at":[40,88,101],"8":[41,56],"sec.":[42,57],"longer":[44,89],"intervals":[46],"when":[47,62],"spaced.":[50],"Increasing":[51],"beyond":[55],"did":[58],"not":[59],"increase":[60],"recall,":[61],"2-sec.":[64],"rate":[65],"presentation":[67],"was":[68,76,82,96],"used.":[69],"A":[70],"2-factor":[71],"explanation":[72],"findings":[75],"suggested,":[77],"in":[78],"which":[79],"cue":[80,99],"learning":[81,100],"major":[84],"factor":[85,95],"influencing":[86],"recall":[87],"intervals,":[91],"while":[92],"2nd":[94],"confounded":[97],"with":[98],"short":[102],"An":[105],"initial":[106],"investigation":[107],"time":[110],"two":[113],"an":[116],"individual":[117],"pair":[118],"has":[121],"been":[122],"reported":[123],"(Peterson,":[124,134],"Hillner,":[125],"&":[126],"Saltzman,":[127],"1962).":[128],"Using":[129],"technique":[131],"described":[132],"earlier":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}