{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166135022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000851","title":"Design and characterization of semiconductor-doped silica film saturable absorbers","display_name":"Design and characterization of semiconductor-doped silica film saturable absorbers","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166135022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000851","mag":"2166135022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/josab.21.000851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64486668","display_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","issn_l":"0740-3224","issn":["0740-3224","1520-8540"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002504414","display_name":"Rohit Prativadi Prasankumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-2831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-2831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit P. Prasankumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040247232","display_name":"Ingmar Hartl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-754X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-754X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingmar Hartl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016433040","display_name":"Juliet T. Gopinath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-5371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-5371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliet T. Gopinath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108092822","display_name":"Erich P. Ippen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erich P. Ippen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019768182","display_name":"James G. Fujimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-4357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-4357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James G. Fujimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul Mak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111986426","display_name":"Michael F. Ruane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael F. Ruane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69753303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"851","last_page":"851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.033799998462200165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturable-absorber","display_name":"saturable absorber","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-sputtering","display_name":"RF sputtering","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocrystals","display_name":"nanocrystals","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-thermal-annealing","display_name":"rapid thermal annealing","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation-fluence","display_name":"saturation fluence","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerr-lens-mode-locking","display_name":"Kerr-lens mode locking","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-state-lasers","display_name":"solid-state lasers","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-optical-properties","display_name":"nonlinear optical properties","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1-54-mum-wavelength","display_name":"1.54 \u03bcm wavelength","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22116519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379093","display_name":"Saturable absorption","level":4,"score":0.8288376331329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8026611804962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.7125310897827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.7040844559669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.6548559069633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5642171502113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.528712809085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110738630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540","display_name":"Epitaxy","level":3,"score":0.473806768655777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.42643940448760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.42084527015686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3534916043281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3047579526901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17163034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390528","display_name":"Fiber laser","level":3,"score":0.16431915760040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10527220368385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/josab.21.000851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64486668","display_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","issn_l":"0740-3224","issn":["0740-3224","1520-8540"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America B","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605058418","https://openalex.org/W1963652199","https://openalex.org/W1967581830","https://openalex.org/W1968987349","https://openalex.org/W1978031808","https://openalex.org/W1984986898","https://openalex.org/W2004939522","https://openalex.org/W2009258919","https://openalex.org/W2013938062","https://openalex.org/W2015160114","https://openalex.org/W2028907520","https://openalex.org/W2029549956","https://openalex.org/W2035962869","https://openalex.org/W2040432594","https://openalex.org/W2042173634","https://openalex.org/W2052358360","https://openalex.org/W2054390141","https://openalex.org/W2057211953","https://openalex.org/W2057227523","https://openalex.org/W2060823248","https://openalex.org/W2063781981","https://openalex.org/W2076147966","https://openalex.org/W2077066675","https://openalex.org/W2094881078","https://openalex.org/W2098328288","https://openalex.org/W2105749763","https://openalex.org/W2163708756","https://openalex.org/W2242724882","https://openalex.org/W2283724263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063781981","https://openalex.org/W2096637949","https://openalex.org/W2094881078","https://openalex.org/W1870837542","https://openalex.org/W2009258919","https://openalex.org/W2082231016","https://openalex.org/W7095969119","https://openalex.org/W2109979773","https://openalex.org/W2137756766","https://openalex.org/W2622377281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonepitaxially":[0],"grown,":[1],"rf":[2],"sputtered":[3],"semiconductor-doped":[4],"silica":[5],"film":[6],"saturable":[7,25],"absorbers":[8],"have":[9],"recently":[10],"been":[11],"developed":[12],"as":[13,75,77],"a":[14,48,94],"versatile,":[15],"easy":[16],"to":[17,21,88],"fabricate,":[18],"cost-effective":[19],"alternative":[20],"epitaxially":[22],"grown":[23],"semiconductor":[24],"absorbers.":[26],"Characterization":[27],"of":[28,41,56,60,97],"their":[29],"linear":[30],"and":[31,65],"nonlinear":[32],"optical":[33],"properties":[34],"reveals":[35],"trends":[36],"that":[37],"permit":[38],"the":[39,54,58],"development":[40],"guidelines":[42],"for":[43,47],"optimizing":[44],"these":[45],"devices":[46],"particular":[49],"laser":[50],"system.":[51],"Operation":[52],"near":[53],"onset":[55],"absorption,":[57],"use":[59],"films":[61],"with":[62],"large":[63],"nanocrystallites,":[64],"high":[66],"rapid":[67],"thermal":[68],"annealing":[69],"temperatures":[70],"result":[71],"in":[72,93],"saturation":[73],"fluences":[74],"low":[76],"640":[78],"\u03bcJ/cm2":[79],"at":[80],"1.54":[81],"\u03bcm.":[82],"These":[83],"materials":[84],"can":[85],"be":[86],"used":[87],"start":[89],"Kerr-lens":[90],"mode":[91],"locking":[92],"wide":[95],"range":[96],"solid-state":[98],"lasers.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}