{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166039019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028024","title":"Emotional cues in American popular music: Five decades of the Top 40.","display_name":"Emotional cues in American popular music: Five decades of the Top 40.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166039019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028024","mag":"2166039019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0028024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154849578","display_name":"Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts","issn_l":"1931-3896","issn":["1931-3896","1931-390X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048992717","display_name":"E. Glenn Schellenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-6020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-6020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Glenn Schellenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022658231","display_name":"Christian von Scheve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-6623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-6623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian von Scheve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Cluster of Excellence Languages of Emotion, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Cluster of Excellence Languages of Emotion, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.49,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88703628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"196","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.7461000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.7461000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.18860000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.03920000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popular-music","display_name":"popular music","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tempo","display_name":"tempo","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical-modes","display_name":"musical modes","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-and-minor-keys","display_name":"major and minor keys","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-ambiguity","display_name":"emotional ambiguity","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/happiness-and-sadness","display_name":"happiness and sadness","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/song-duration","display_name":"song duration","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-artists","display_name":"women artists","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-popular-music","display_name":"American popular music","score":0.7070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114611597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373342","display_name":"Popular music","level":2,"score":0.6088489294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4637622833251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3537154793739319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32174673676490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.27332621812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.24839457869529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09490153193473816}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0028024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154849578","display_name":"Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts","issn_l":"1931-3896","issn":["1931-3896","1931-390X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50351362","https://openalex.org/W68067019","https://openalex.org/W106337760","https://openalex.org/W140347726","https://openalex.org/W630295670","https://openalex.org/W645137420","https://openalex.org/W656833466","https://openalex.org/W1480936178","https://openalex.org/W1488463210","https://openalex.org/W1498337003","https://openalex.org/W1516713107","https://openalex.org/W1528099392","https://openalex.org/W1541423194","https://openalex.org/W1581394576","https://openalex.org/W1604638557","https://openalex.org/W1626442166","https://openalex.org/W1645964347","https://openalex.org/W1694080526","https://openalex.org/W1927727167","https://openalex.org/W1967646296","https://openalex.org/W1970402998","https://openalex.org/W2009267197","https://openalex.org/W2020117243","https://openalex.org/W2021263427","https://openalex.org/W2021731758","https://openalex.org/W2034294024","https://openalex.org/W2037903774","https://openalex.org/W2038600245","https://openalex.org/W2046108576","https://openalex.org/W2047771630","https://openalex.org/W2075227139","https://openalex.org/W2079615204","https://openalex.org/W2079644413","https://openalex.org/W2084077463","https://openalex.org/W2086361624","https://openalex.org/W2098257146","https://openalex.org/W2102687190","https://openalex.org/W2118635496","https://openalex.org/W2121430909","https://openalex.org/W2122736533","https://openalex.org/W2126682296","https://openalex.org/W2127666976","https://openalex.org/W2128995103","https://openalex.org/W2130519267","https://openalex.org/W2138110513","https://openalex.org/W2144198023","https://openalex.org/W2146565301","https://openalex.org/W2147453867","https://openalex.org/W2147831772","https://openalex.org/W2148108292","https://openalex.org/W2154390616","https://openalex.org/W2160452318","https://openalex.org/W2164480306","https://openalex.org/W2166570369","https://openalex.org/W2253506554","https://openalex.org/W2604532302","https://openalex.org/W2899864164","https://openalex.org/W4205847169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138110513","https://openalex.org/W1992466751","https://openalex.org/W1553053647","https://openalex.org/W2037903774","https://openalex.org/W7132876105","https://openalex.org/W2072592751","https://openalex.org/W7096425215","https://openalex.org/W1974044992","https://openalex.org/W1516215094","https://openalex.org/W2746074740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"musical":[1],"characteristics":[2],"are":[3,12],"cues":[4,13,26,43,147],"to":[5,14,21,28],"happiness":[6],"(fast":[7],"tempo,":[8,17,115],"major":[9,135],"mode);":[10],"others":[11],"sadness":[15],"(slow":[16],"minor":[18,108,138],"mode).":[19],"Listening":[20],"music":[22,47,54,119],"with":[23,95],"inconsistent":[24],"emotional":[25,42,146],"leads":[27],"mixed":[29,145],"feelings":[30],"and":[31,36,60,86,110],"perceptions,":[32],"or":[33],"simultaneous":[34],"happy":[35],"sad":[37],"responding.":[38],"We":[39],"examined":[40],"whether":[41],"in":[44,84,104,113,126,134,137,148],"American":[45],"popular":[46,80,118,149],"have":[48],"changed":[49],"over":[50,66,123],"time,":[51],"predicting":[52],"that":[53,117],"has":[55],"become":[56],"progressively":[57],"more":[58,121,130],"sad-sounding":[59,122],"emotionally":[61],"ambiguous.":[62],"Our":[63],"sample":[64],"comprised":[65],"1,000":[67],"Top":[68],"40":[69],"recordings":[70,81],"from":[71],"25":[72],"years":[73],"spanning":[74],"five":[75],"decades.":[76],"Over":[77],"the":[78,87,105],"years,":[79],"became":[82,120],"longer":[83],"duration":[85],"proportion":[88],"of":[89,107,144],"female":[90],"artists":[91],"increased.":[92],"In":[93],"line":[94],"our":[96],"principal":[97],"hypotheses,":[98],"there":[99],"was":[100],"also":[101,129],"an":[102],"increase":[103,143],"use":[106],"mode":[109],"a":[111,141],"decrease":[112],"average":[114],"confirming":[116],"time.":[124],"Decreases":[125],"tempo":[127],"were":[128],"pronounced":[131],"for":[132],"songs":[133],"than":[136],"mode,":[139],"highlighting":[140],"progressive":[142],"music.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}