{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165609943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197002040","title":"BEYOND EXPLICIT RULE LEARNING","display_name":"BEYOND EXPLICIT RULE LEARNING","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165609943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197002040","mag":"2165609943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0272263197002040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197002040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197002040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84027950","display_name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","issn_l":"0272-2631","issn":["0272-2631","1470-1545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020299748","display_name":"ROBERT M. DEKEYSER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. DeKeyser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020299748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":61.8578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":473,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99842362,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"195","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.7240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.7240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.21359999477863312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.023900000378489494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-learning","display_name":"rule induction","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphosyntax","display_name":"morphosyntax","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-acquisition-theory","display_name":"skill acquisition theory","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-specificity","display_name":"skill specificity","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-languages","display_name":"artificial languages","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-teaching","display_name":"grammar instruction","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-acquisition","display_name":"vocabulary acquisition","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalinguistic-awareness","display_name":"metalinguistic awareness","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.4009999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.7211344838142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6631989479064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6256458759307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6015327572822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5734796524047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5417407751083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5177380442619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.47235047817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4713679552078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4439787268638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.43570899963378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42426174879074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38938531279563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3409641981124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.27115970849990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07964560389518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0272263197002040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197002040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197002040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84027950","display_name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","issn_l":"0272-2631","issn":["0272-2631","1470-1545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74704794","https://openalex.org/W133581827","https://openalex.org/W416542817","https://openalex.org/W1510738013","https://openalex.org/W1708874574","https://openalex.org/W1889619166","https://openalex.org/W1905537985","https://openalex.org/W1967025532","https://openalex.org/W1985160131","https://openalex.org/W1990387934","https://openalex.org/W1993326355","https://openalex.org/W2006694884","https://openalex.org/W2011165890","https://openalex.org/W2013068849","https://openalex.org/W2013094602","https://openalex.org/W2014963116","https://openalex.org/W2019402199","https://openalex.org/W2022736632","https://openalex.org/W2024834102","https://openalex.org/W2030450448","https://openalex.org/W2031583323","https://openalex.org/W2039602962","https://openalex.org/W2039838847","https://openalex.org/W2044275064","https://openalex.org/W2045592365","https://openalex.org/W2050225662","https://openalex.org/W2051914653","https://openalex.org/W2066467803","https://openalex.org/W2069971109","https://openalex.org/W2073371272","https://openalex.org/W2074241103","https://openalex.org/W2076971845","https://openalex.org/W2083621003","https://openalex.org/W2087513221","https://openalex.org/W2099299123","https://openalex.org/W2100940719","https://openalex.org/W2102915291","https://openalex.org/W2107794634","https://openalex.org/W2109548720","https://openalex.org/W2125363303","https://openalex.org/W2135653259","https://openalex.org/W2136737367","https://openalex.org/W2142403080","https://openalex.org/W2153885595","https://openalex.org/W2156989642","https://openalex.org/W2162792036","https://openalex.org/W2786157445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594427287","https://openalex.org/W2093101913","https://openalex.org/W2100940719","https://openalex.org/W4400265556","https://openalex.org/W2005204158","https://openalex.org/W2478443423","https://openalex.org/W89202289","https://openalex.org/W7029791037","https://openalex.org/W3170047316","https://openalex.org/W6925328795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"is":[2,138],"a":[3,20,44,79,91],"fine-grained":[4],"analysis":[5],"of":[6,13,17,46,49,68,84,111,135,160],"extensive":[7],"empirical":[8],"data":[9],"on":[10,43,73],"the":[11,74,86,97,108,133,151,158],"automatization":[12],"explicitly":[14],"learned":[15],"rules":[16,29,99,118,137],"morphosyntax":[18],"in":[19,34,55,121,125],"second":[21],"language.":[22,37],"Sixty-one":[23],"subjects":[24,94,106],"were":[25,95,119],"taught":[26,96],"four":[27],"morphosyntactic":[28,136],"and":[30,51,59,100,104,113,123,141],"32":[31],"vocabulary":[32],"items":[33],"an":[35],"artificial":[36],"After":[38],"they":[39,53],"had":[40,107],"reached":[41],"criterion":[42],"set":[45],"metalinguistic":[47],"tests":[48],"grammar":[50],"vocabulary,":[52],"engaged":[54],"systematic,":[56],"computer-controlled":[57],"comprehension":[58,112,122],"production":[60,81,114,126],"practice":[61,66,82],"for":[62],"8":[63],"weeks.":[64],"Comprehension":[65],"consisted":[67,83],"choosing":[69],"between":[70,128],"pictures":[71],"displayed":[72],"computer":[75],"screen":[76],"to":[77,90],"match":[78],"sentence;":[80],"typing":[85],"correct":[87],"sentence":[88],"corresponding":[89],"picture.":[92],"All":[93],"same":[98,109,152],"then":[101],"practiced":[102,120],"them,":[103],"all":[105],"amount":[110],"practice,":[115],"but":[116],"which":[117,124],"varied":[127],"groups.":[129],"Results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132,142],"learning":[134,155],"highly":[139],"skill-specific":[140],"these":[143],"skills":[144],"develop":[145],"very":[146],"gradually":[147],"over":[148],"time,":[149],"following":[150],"power":[153],"function":[154],"curve":[156],"as":[157],"acquisition":[159,171],"other":[161],"cognitive":[162],"skills.":[163],"These":[164],"results":[165],"are":[166],"consistent":[167],"with":[168],"current":[169],"skill":[170],"theory.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}