{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165452097","doi":null,"title":"Fish oil in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.","display_name":"Fish oil in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165452097","mag":"2165452097","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603485","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3096360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3096360","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3096360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ochsner J","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3096360","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078092665","display_name":"Surya M. Artham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surya M Artham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059582018","display_name":"Carl J. Lavie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-1911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-1911"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl J Lavie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022846993","display_name":"Richard V. Milani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-8253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-8253"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard V Milani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101691104","display_name":"Rishi G. Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4650-3012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4650-3012"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishi G Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024111381","display_name":"James Henry O\u2019Keefe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-5822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-5822"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H O'Keefe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067961809","display_name":"H\u00e9ctor O. Ventura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-9600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-9600"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector O Ventura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76613113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"49","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10909","display_name":"Edible Oils Quality and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-oil","display_name":"fish oil","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-3-fatty-acids","display_name":"omega-3 fatty acids","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease-prevention","display_name":"cardiovascular disease prevention","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-prevention","display_name":"secondary prevention","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-prevention","display_name":"primary prevention","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudden-cardiac-death","display_name":"sudden cardiac death","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eicosapentaenoic-acid","display_name":"eicosapentaenoic acid","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docosahexaenoic-acid","display_name":"docosahexaenoic acid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777171753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423345","display_name":"Docosahexaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.870303750038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776091944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409990","display_name":"Eicosapentaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.8251248002052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7859004735946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779946292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786125","display_name":"Fish oil","level":3,"score":0.6983141899108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.6676586866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5729262828826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202837","display_name":"Sudden cardiac death","level":2,"score":0.548620343208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.509952187538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.45763611793518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019417119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Secondary prevention","level":2,"score":0.4515461325645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.42282742261886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017514745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191756","display_name":"Omega 3 fatty acid","level":5,"score":0.4205268621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.3140791058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.2327219843864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19038510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005087","display_name":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid","level":3,"score":0.1743185818195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11238735914230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07561388611793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0655469000339508}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3096360","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3096360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ochsner J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21603485","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ochsner journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2165452097","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3096360","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3096360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ochsner J","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35648034","https://openalex.org/W37635720","https://openalex.org/W57882500","https://openalex.org/W58672297","https://openalex.org/W62817564","https://openalex.org/W193719917","https://openalex.org/W1496713467","https://openalex.org/W1551684623","https://openalex.org/W1579904080","https://openalex.org/W1788580261","https://openalex.org/W1908543414","https://openalex.org/W1914840585","https://openalex.org/W1941861624","https://openalex.org/W1968849254","https://openalex.org/W1974340449","https://openalex.org/W1981731927","https://openalex.org/W1983531379","https://openalex.org/W1985761375","https://openalex.org/W1987599783","https://openalex.org/W1988367310","https://openalex.org/W1991387382","https://openalex.org/W1993460622","https://openalex.org/W1997601961","https://openalex.org/W2013983018","https://openalex.org/W2014226775","https://openalex.org/W2021451885","https://openalex.org/W2027418347","https://openalex.org/W2035332900","https://openalex.org/W2036268156","https://openalex.org/W2041882790","https://openalex.org/W2047211376","https://openalex.org/W2054510727","https://openalex.org/W2061155348","https://openalex.org/W2069662492","https://openalex.org/W2069922296","https://openalex.org/W2072603789","https://openalex.org/W2075025454","https://openalex.org/W2079367357","https://openalex.org/W2080152524","https://openalex.org/W2082251459","https://openalex.org/W2087878463","https://openalex.org/W2088451948","https://openalex.org/W2088545325","https://openalex.org/W2090418407","https://openalex.org/W2090744550","https://openalex.org/W2099831545","https://openalex.org/W2099859189","https://openalex.org/W2105206504","https://openalex.org/W2106431766","https://openalex.org/W2107928904","https://openalex.org/W2113201319","https://openalex.org/W2121496704","https://openalex.org/W2123694602","https://openalex.org/W2124124606","https://openalex.org/W2124357096","https://openalex.org/W2128788220","https://openalex.org/W2129659437","https://openalex.org/W2130640850","https://openalex.org/W2131008517","https://openalex.org/W2134203554","https://openalex.org/W2135815454","https://openalex.org/W2135920277","https://openalex.org/W2142347023","https://openalex.org/W2150421099","https://openalex.org/W2153788691","https://openalex.org/W2159121887","https://openalex.org/W2192223169","https://openalex.org/W2257508930","https://openalex.org/W2292757055","https://openalex.org/W2315087128","https://openalex.org/W2320289543","https://openalex.org/W2322802533","https://openalex.org/W2324826299","https://openalex.org/W2325815717","https://openalex.org/W2327515496","https://openalex.org/W2607031541","https://openalex.org/W2620822673","https://openalex.org/W2727061396","https://openalex.org/W3013313082","https://openalex.org/W3202522595","https://openalex.org/W4229721375","https://openalex.org/W4238251256","https://openalex.org/W4249825849","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1908543414","https://openalex.org/W2144181696","https://openalex.org/W2314661165","https://openalex.org/W1973836335","https://openalex.org/W4410496023","https://openalex.org/W3162212242","https://openalex.org/W2093717897","https://openalex.org/W3006875859","https://openalex.org/W2116968268","https://openalex.org/W2152015891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Omega-3":[0],"fatty":[1,46],"acid":[2,119,123],"therapy":[3,113],"shows":[4],"great":[5],"promise":[6],"in":[7,50,76,91],"both":[8],"primary":[9,51],"and":[10,32,37,52,64,69,79,121,131,165],"secondary":[11,54],"prevention":[12,55],"of":[13,44,56,84],"cardiovascular":[14],"(CV)":[15],"diseases,":[16],"especially":[17,53],"coronary":[18],"heart":[19],"disease":[20,130],"(CHD).":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"review,":[24],"we":[25],"discuss":[26],"the":[27,42,82,103],"evidence":[28,105],"available":[29],"from":[30,96],"prospective":[31],"retrospective":[33],"observational":[34],"epidemiologic":[35],"studies":[36,92],"controlled":[38],"clinical":[39],"trials":[40],"demonstrating":[41],"effects":[43],"omega-3":[45],"acids":[47],"(fish":[48],"oil)":[49],"major":[57],"CV":[58,61,129,138],"events,":[59],"including":[60],"mortality,":[62],"fatal":[63],"nonfatal":[65],"myocardial":[66],"infarction":[67],"(MI),":[68],"sudden":[70],"cardiac":[71],"death":[72],"(SCD).":[73],"Significant":[74],"reductions":[75],"total":[77],"mortality":[78],"SCD":[80],"to":[81,86,98,157],"extent":[83],"20%":[85],"50%":[87],"have":[88],"been":[89],"found":[90],"using":[93],"doses":[94],"ranging":[95],"0.85":[97],"4.0":[99],"g/d.":[100],"We":[101],"review":[102],"compelling":[104],"that":[106],"indicates":[107],"all":[108],"clinicians":[109],"should":[110],"strongly":[111],"consider":[112],"with":[114,127,162],"fish":[115],"oil,":[116],"specifically":[117],"eicosapentaenoic":[118],"(EPA)":[120],"docosahexaenoic":[122],"(DHA),":[124],"for":[125,132,137,145,160,170],"patients":[126,133,141],"known":[128,163],"at":[134,142,166],"increased":[135,143],"risk":[136,144],"disease,":[139],"particularly":[140],"SCD.":[146],"The":[147],"target":[148],"DHA":[149],"+":[150],"EPA":[151],"consumption":[152],"levels":[153],"are":[154],"about":[155],"800":[156],"1000":[158],"mg/d":[159,169],"individuals":[161,171],"CHD":[164],"least":[167],"500":[168],"without":[172],"disease.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
