{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164689484","doi":null,"title":"Quantification of Liquid Water Saturation in a Transparent Single-Serpentine Cathode Flow Channel of PEM Fuel Cell by Using Image Processing","display_name":"Quantification of Liquid Water Saturation in a Transparent Single-Serpentine Cathode Flow Channel of PEM Fuel Cell by Using Image Processing","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164689484","mag":"2164689484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.987.7433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.987.7433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JSEE/article/download/8792/7505/","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"paratext","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063964371","display_name":"Songwut Nirunsin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songwut Nirunsin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040992809","display_name":"Yottana Khunatorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-4561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-4561"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yottana Khunatorn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-4561","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"129","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":true,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells","display_name":"proton exchange membrane fuel cells","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-saturation","display_name":"liquid water saturation","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterflooding","display_name":"waterflooding","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serpentine-channel","display_name":"serpentine channel","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"image processing","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-flow-rate","display_name":"oxygen flow rate","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-temperature","display_name":"cell temperature","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-water-content","display_name":"membrane hydration","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-performance","display_name":"fuel cell performance","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.8519984483718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.7613176107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.5618903636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.551323413848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5249971151351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49314969778060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46235191822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988574769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545","display_name":"Water flow","level":2,"score":0.45269232988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4464496970176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.43199530243873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3838149607181549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.37070560455322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3526771366596222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3405327796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28102144598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.27477458119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.27233341336250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24760794639587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20124554634094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.17680436372756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.987.7433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.987.7433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JSEE/article/download/8792/7505/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2164689484","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JSEE/article/download/8792/7505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764786908","display_name":"Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environment","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environment","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522318602","https://openalex.org/W1971871563","https://openalex.org/W1973757970","https://openalex.org/W1999468792","https://openalex.org/W2000588853","https://openalex.org/W2002013263","https://openalex.org/W2016030905","https://openalex.org/W2021749494","https://openalex.org/W2033246193","https://openalex.org/W2041988870","https://openalex.org/W2044307855","https://openalex.org/W2064503430","https://openalex.org/W2072726684","https://openalex.org/W2083112487","https://openalex.org/W2117841326","https://openalex.org/W2148274729","https://openalex.org/W2148853404","https://openalex.org/W2156923951","https://openalex.org/W2314749458","https://openalex.org/W3159499387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783576385","https://openalex.org/W2100194981","https://openalex.org/W1516799698","https://openalex.org/W2063339516","https://openalex.org/W110746156","https://openalex.org/W847633470","https://openalex.org/W2741165328","https://openalex.org/W1988470515","https://openalex.org/W2115665623","https://openalex.org/W2009529381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:The":[0],"objective":[1],"of":[2,37,78,114,124,152],"this":[3],"research":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,52,105,140],"quantify":[7],"the":[8,12,42,65,88,108,125,136,142,145,149],"water":[9,39,54,61,89,104,122,138,157],"content":[10,139],"on":[11,87],"cathode":[13,43,66,126,165],"side":[14],"in":[15,28,56,64,144,162],"various":[16],"PEM":[17,33,57,109,171],"fuel":[18,34,58,110,153,172],"cell":[19,82,101,173],"operations.":[20],"It":[21],"can":[22,118],"be":[23],"revealed":[24],"by":[25,48,71],"direct":[26],"visualization":[27],"an":[29,72],"operational":[30],"transparent":[31,170],"single-serpentine":[32,164],"cell.":[35,59,111],"Images":[36],"liquid":[38,121],"accumulated":[40],"inside":[41],"flow":[44,67,80,116,127,133,166],"channel":[45,68,167],"were":[46,91],"recorded":[47],"a":[49,163,169],"digital":[50],"camera":[51],"study":[53],"flooding":[55,90,158],"The":[60,76,93,112,156],"coverage":[62],"area":[63],"was":[69],"estimated":[70],"image":[73],"processing":[74],"technique.":[75],"effects":[77],"oxygen":[79,115,132],"rate,":[81],"temperature":[83,102],"and":[84,148],"time":[85],"development":[86],"studied.":[92],"results":[94],"indicated":[95],"that":[96],"excessive":[97],"low":[98],"or":[99],"high":[100,131],"caused":[103,135],"flood":[106],"into":[107],"increasing":[113],"rate":[117,134],"remove":[119],"more":[120],"out":[123],"channel.":[128],"However,":[129],"too":[130],"insufficient":[137],"maintain":[141],"membrane":[143],"hydrated":[146],"state":[147],"dramatic":[150],"decrease":[151],"cell\u2019s":[154],"performance.":[155],"did":[159],"not":[160],"appear":[161],"when":[168],"has":[174],"operated":[175],"within":[176],"40":[177],"minutes.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
