{"id":"https://openalex.org/W21646266","doi":null,"title":"[The blood-brain barrier: implications for chemotherapy in brain tumors].","display_name":"[The blood-brain barrier: implications for chemotherapy in brain tumors].","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W21646266","mag":"21646266","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1762838"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1762838","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1762838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pathologie-biologie","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078878099","display_name":"Catherine Boaziz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129146","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Avicenne","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6vs369","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210129146"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Boaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Service d'Oncologie M\u00e9dicale, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Bobigny, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service d'Oncologie M\u00e9dicale, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Bobigny, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109265422","display_name":"J.L. Breau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J L Breau","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038139440","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Mor\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-8414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-8414"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J F Mor\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109888184","display_name":"Lucien Isra\u00ebl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Isra\u00ebl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00202265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"8","first_page":"789","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-tumors","display_name":"brain tumors","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemotherapy","display_name":"chemotherapy","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-penetration","display_name":"drug penetration","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipophilicity","display_name":"lipophilicity","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/octanol-water-partition-coefficient","display_name":"octanol-water partition coefficient","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-metastases","display_name":"brain metastases","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanoma","display_name":"melanoma","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fotemustine","display_name":"fotemustine","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dose-chemotherapy","display_name":"high-dose chemotherapy","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathecal-administration","display_name":"intrathecal administration","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-arterial-administration","display_name":"intra-arterial administration","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperosmolar-therapy","display_name":"hyperosmolar therapy","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-tumors","display_name":"central nervous system tumors","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.8763689994812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.6311241984367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.5855756998062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5672407150268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2113261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914458","display_name":"Extracellular fluid","level":3,"score":0.5312155485153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177779419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053832","display_name":"Tight junction","level":2,"score":0.5309089422225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48763981461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60903277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2051926","display_name":"Paracellular transport","level":4,"score":0.4461645483970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.4395506978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.423492968082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.4155808091163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3200908899307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.272545725107193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21955379843711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.15921777486801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.13025569915771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.09325265884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08589926362037659}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007261","descriptor_name":"Infusions, Intra-Arterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007262","descriptor_name":"Infusions, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007278","descriptor_name":"Injections, Spinal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008727","descriptor_name":"Methotrexate","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008727","descriptor_name":"Methotrexate","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008727","descriptor_name":"Methotrexate","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009607","descriptor_name":"Nitrosourea Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009607","descriptor_name":"Nitrosourea Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009607","descriptor_name":"Nitrosourea Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009943","descriptor_name":"Organophosphorus Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009943","descriptor_name":"Organophosphorus Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009943","descriptor_name":"Organophosphorus Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1762838","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1762838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pathologie-biologie","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:21646266","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1762838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521812307","https://openalex.org/W1978309199","https://openalex.org/W2018024384","https://openalex.org/W2062704627","https://openalex.org/W2067299533","https://openalex.org/W2101656669","https://openalex.org/W2103828255","https://openalex.org/W2113305743","https://openalex.org/W2117784915","https://openalex.org/W2121239228","https://openalex.org/W2141391685","https://openalex.org/W2154401543","https://openalex.org/W2154704726","https://openalex.org/W2243572681","https://openalex.org/W2808081456","https://openalex.org/W4206598529","https://openalex.org/W4211128057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252894894","https://openalex.org/W1976929064","https://openalex.org/W2285319012","https://openalex.org/W2383419282","https://openalex.org/W2779008660","https://openalex.org/W2410128120","https://openalex.org/W2503424442","https://openalex.org/W1992164899","https://openalex.org/W7095186898","https://openalex.org/W2999546555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,157],"blood-brain":[1,59,140,154],"barrier":[2,17,60,155],"(BBB)":[3],"is":[4,18,61,85],"located":[5],"between":[6],"the":[7,10,14,21,36,39,48,51,64,80,83,88,93,108,139,153],"blood":[8],"and":[9],"extracellular":[11],"space":[12],"of":[13,33,50,63,67,76,117,121,133,149,190],"brain.":[15],"This":[16,173],"formed":[19],"by":[20,92,138],"brain":[22,40,84,181],"capillaries":[23],"whose":[24],"endothelial":[25],"cells":[26],"have":[27,123],"tight":[28],"intercellular":[29],"junctions.":[30],"Transcellular":[31],"passage":[32],"drugs":[34,101,134,164],"from":[35,79,183],"bloodstream":[37,81],"to":[38,53,82,103,129,151,192],"occurs":[41],"selectively,":[42],"in":[43,70,107,126,180],"a":[44,77,113],"manner":[45],"dependent":[46,86],"on":[47,87],"ability":[49],"molecules":[52],"penetrale":[54],"through":[55],"cell":[56],"membranes.":[57],"one":[62],"main":[65],"factors":[66],"chemotherapy":[68],"failure":[69],"central":[71,109],"nervous":[72,110],"system":[73,111],"tumors.":[74],"Penetration":[75],"molecule":[78],"compound's":[89],"liposolubility,":[90],"expressed":[91],"octanol-water":[94,167],"separation":[95,168],"coefficient.":[96],"Following":[97],"intravenous":[98],"administration,":[99],"most":[100],"fail":[102],"achieve":[104],"adequate":[105],"levels":[106],"for":[112],"sufficiently":[114],"long":[115],"period":[116],"time.":[118],"A":[119],"variety":[120],"techniques":[122],"been":[124],"used":[125],"an":[127],"attempt":[128],"increase":[130],"CNS":[131],"penetration":[132],"normally":[135],"shut":[136],"out":[137],"barrier:":[141],"high-dose":[142],"chemotherapy,":[143],"intrathecal":[144],"injections,":[145,147],"intraarterial":[146],"induction":[148],"hyperosmolarity":[150],"make":[152],"permeable.":[156],"best":[158],"results":[159],"are":[160],"obtained":[161],"using":[162],"liposoluble":[163],"with":[165],"optimal":[166],"coefficients,":[169],"such":[170],"as":[171,176],"fotemustine.":[172],"compound":[174],"given":[175],"single":[177],"drug":[178],"therapy":[179],"metastases":[182],"malignant":[184],"melanomas":[185],"has":[186],"yielded":[187],"response":[188],"rates":[189],"up":[191],"28.2%.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
