{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164608415","doi":null,"title":"Saving Institutional Benefits: Path Dependence in International Law","display_name":"Saving Institutional Benefits: Path Dependence in International Law","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164608415","mag":"2164608415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012938713","display_name":"Mark Lawrence Axelrod","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Lawrence Axelrod","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012938713"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14515","display_name":"International Law and Aviation","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-dependence","display_name":"path dependence","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-benefits","display_name":"institutional benefits","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/status-quo","display_name":"status quo","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-political-pressure","display_name":"domestic political pressure","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-ratification","display_name":"treaty ratification","score":0.8180000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779272642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093521","display_name":"Path dependence","level":2,"score":0.5967487096786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5061604380607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44613415002822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3994990885257721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.35541194677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32402104139328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28195345401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20858529210090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.15256452560424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2164608415","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/10161/628/1/D_Axelrod_Mark_a_200805.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20634979","https://openalex.org/W35746894","https://openalex.org/W45983911","https://openalex.org/W48078996","https://openalex.org/W137491760","https://openalex.org/W577557682","https://openalex.org/W628932524","https://openalex.org/W648364776","https://openalex.org/W652965390","https://openalex.org/W655985507","https://openalex.org/W1496392101","https://openalex.org/W1498842964","https://openalex.org/W1502798522","https://openalex.org/W1503288403","https://openalex.org/W1511279527","https://openalex.org/W1525463532","https://openalex.org/W1547312304","https://openalex.org/W1555386073","https://openalex.org/W1559813403","https://openalex.org/W1573406745","https://openalex.org/W1578477610","https://openalex.org/W1595743797","https://openalex.org/W1606420731","https://openalex.org/W1969289886","https://openalex.org/W1969416905","https://openalex.org/W1977887702","https://openalex.org/W1978695724","https://openalex.org/W1979942251","https://openalex.org/W1982870704","https://openalex.org/W1990979430","https://openalex.org/W1993132818","https://openalex.org/W1995297713","https://openalex.org/W2018816462","https://openalex.org/W2018924224","https://openalex.org/W2019858994","https://openalex.org/W2030796074","https://openalex.org/W2043124776","https://openalex.org/W2045672904","https://openalex.org/W2050448635","https://openalex.org/W2056720463","https://openalex.org/W2061466551","https://openalex.org/W2066741696","https://openalex.org/W2070343248","https://openalex.org/W2077085353","https://openalex.org/W2077775202","https://openalex.org/W2082184403","https://openalex.org/W2093248821","https://openalex.org/W2094736317","https://openalex.org/W2100552598","https://openalex.org/W2104251546","https://openalex.org/W2106602598","https://openalex.org/W2109737832","https://openalex.org/W2113563668","https://openalex.org/W2114644647","https://openalex.org/W2118952010","https://openalex.org/W2119987892","https://openalex.org/W2122512599","https://openalex.org/W2127901425","https://openalex.org/W2128134304","https://openalex.org/W2129572182","https://openalex.org/W2130579436","https://openalex.org/W2133439075","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2133878608","https://openalex.org/W2134558137","https://openalex.org/W2140917618","https://openalex.org/W2143843199","https://openalex.org/W2144175187","https://openalex.org/W2146240021","https://openalex.org/W2147111138","https://openalex.org/W2150515448","https://openalex.org/W2151939349","https://openalex.org/W2153031274","https://openalex.org/W2155340768","https://openalex.org/W2157000725","https://openalex.org/W2157253041","https://openalex.org/W2167940208","https://openalex.org/W2324656367","https://openalex.org/W2329302724","https://openalex.org/W2497634392","https://openalex.org/W2556980534","https://openalex.org/W2557410790","https://openalex.org/W2770077372","https://openalex.org/W2915128066","https://openalex.org/W2921514849","https://openalex.org/W2973116159","https://openalex.org/W3121299265","https://openalex.org/W3121542898","https://openalex.org/W3121881716","https://openalex.org/W3122298797","https://openalex.org/W3150452555","https://openalex.org/W4244085334","https://openalex.org/W4244348368","https://openalex.org/W4388401376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120629166","https://openalex.org/W7160607751","https://openalex.org/W4415560104","https://openalex.org/W2135966743","https://openalex.org/W7214137089","https://openalex.org/W1544428959","https://openalex.org/W4376455054","https://openalex.org/W3133892406","https://openalex.org/W2496133509","https://openalex.org/W4407971712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"project":[1,143],"considers":[2],"the":[3,42,119,166,171],"pace":[4],"of":[5,13,154,162],"change":[6],"in":[7,27,45,68,122,136,165],"international":[8,46,53,76,91,141],"law,":[9],"focusing":[10],"on":[11,150],"sources":[12],"evolution":[14],"and":[15,30,170,180],"stagnation.":[16],"I":[17],"attempt":[18],"to":[19,24,51,74,89,99,115,139],"determine":[20],"why":[21],"negotiators":[22],"defer":[23],"existing":[25,52,75,90,140],"law":[26,54],"some":[28],"situations":[29],"not":[31],"others.":[32],"To":[33],"that":[34,49,63,81],"end,":[35],"this":[36,104],"study":[37],"explores":[38],"country":[39],"preferences":[40],"towards":[41],"status":[43],"quo":[44],"negotiations.\\n\\nI":[47],"hypothesize":[48],"deference":[50,73,138],"is":[55],"more":[56,126,132],"likely":[57],"under":[58],"four":[59,178],"conditions.":[60],"First,":[61],"countries":[62],"have":[64,82,94],"experienced":[65],"a":[66,151],"decline":[67],"relative":[69],"power":[70],"should":[71,93,106,134],"promote":[72],"law.":[77],"Second,":[78],"declining":[79],"powers":[80],"allowed":[83],"private":[84],"access":[85],"by":[86],"their":[87],"citizens":[88,112],"institutions":[92],"greater":[95,137],"domestic":[96],"political":[97],"pressure":[98],"protect":[100],"those":[101,130],"arrangements.":[102],"Third,":[103],"relationship":[105],"be":[107],"particularly":[108],"strong":[109],"if":[110],"interested":[111],"are":[113],"able":[114],"participate":[116],"(perhaps":[117],"through":[118],"ratification":[120],"process)":[121],"subsequent":[123],"negotiations.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"complex":[127],"negotiations":[128],"(i.e.,":[129],"including":[131],"participants)":[133],"result":[135],"law.\\n\\nThe":[142],"tests":[144],"these":[145],"hypotheses":[146],"with":[147],"statistical":[148],"analysis":[149,175],"random":[152],"sample":[153],"multilateral":[155],"treaties,":[156],"as":[157,159],"well":[158],"case":[160],"studies":[161],"negotiation":[163],"practices":[164],"United":[167],"States,":[168],"India,":[169],"European":[172],"Union.":[173],"The":[174],"supports":[176],"all":[177],"conjectures,":[179],"notes":[181],"interactions":[182],"between":[183],"them.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}