{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164573249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","title":"Ecosystem Impacts of Geoengineering: A Review for Developing a Science Plan","display_name":"Ecosystem Impacts of Geoengineering: A Review for Developing a Science Plan","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164573249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","mag":"2164573249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22430307","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3393062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46982553","display_name":"AMBIO","issn_l":"0044-7447","issn":["0044-7447","1654-7209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMBIO","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3393062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019213085","display_name":"Lynn Monica Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-2375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-2375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lynn M. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0221, USA. lmrussell@ucsd.edu","Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0221, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0221, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0221, USA. lmrussell@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0221, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0221, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024879281","display_name":"Philip J. Rasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-2174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-2174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip J. Rasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K9-34, Richland, WA, 99352, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K9-34, Richland, WA, 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018062208","display_name":"Georgina M. Mace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-5211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-5211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgina M. Mace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075366947","display_name":"Robert B. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-7147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-7147","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-5546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025075223","display_name":"John Graham Shepherd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-4781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-4781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Science, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685","https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069720514","display_name":"Peter S. Liss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-2803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-2803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Liss","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021809022","display_name":"Margaret Leinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-3661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-3661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I734295","display_name":"Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzqyx59","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739","https://openalex.org/I734295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Leinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US Rt 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US Rt 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I734295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069783783","display_name":"DAVID S. SCHIMEL","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-8065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-8065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28670366","display_name":"National Ecological Observatory Network","ror":"https://ror.org/04j43p132","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Schimel","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEON Inc, 1685 38th Street, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEON Inc, 1685 38th Street, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28670366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022069918","display_name":"Naomi E. Vaughan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-2084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-2084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143632","display_name":"Tyndall Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/040tfy969","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143632"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi E. Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541","https://openalex.org/I4210143632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064985228","display_name":"Anthony C. Janetos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-2664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-2664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112475681","display_name":"Joint Global Change Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/058cmd703","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112475681","https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony C. Janetos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/University of Maryland, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD, 20740, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/University of Maryland, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD, 20740, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112475681","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091179334","display_name":"Philip W. Boyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip W. Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIWA Centre of Chemical & Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIWA Centre of Chemical & Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073871288","display_name":"Richard J. Norby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-9828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-9828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Norby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Bldg. 2040, MS-6301, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Bldg. 2040, MS-6301, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052404353","display_name":"Ken Caldeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4591-643X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4591-643X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Caldeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045972420","display_name":"Joonas Merikanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-2569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-2569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonas Merikanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035257657","display_name":"Paulo Eduardo Artaxo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-3036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-3036"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Artaxo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua do Mat\u00e3o, Travessa R, 187, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua do Mat\u00e3o, Travessa R, 187, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032604991","display_name":"Jerry M. Melillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-5396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-5396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338920048","display_name":"Marine Biological Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/046dg4z72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338920048"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Melillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338920048"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030880091","display_name":"Millett Granger Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-5814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-5814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Granger Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":19,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019213085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":4490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4490},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5203252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"350","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13530","display_name":"Climate Change and Environmental Impact","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geoengineering","display_name":"geoengineering","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-impacts","display_name":"ecosystem impacts","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide-removal","display_name":"carbon dioxide removal","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-radiation-management","display_name":"solar radiation management","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-mitigation","display_name":"climate change mitigation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-structure-and-functioning","display_name":"ecosystem structure and functioning","score":0.746999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537773303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921851","display_name":"Geoengineering","level":3,"score":0.9124010801315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5167269110679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4815016984939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.46383652091026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4350537657737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.4324359893798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3486878275871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.30196475982666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.24955976009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09309780597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.05579674243927002}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003247","descriptor_name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057231","descriptor_name":"Climate Change","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S46982553","display_name":"AMBIO","issn_l":"0044-7447","issn":["0044-7447","1654-7209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMBIO","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2665705","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3393062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3393062","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3393062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ambio","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22430307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22430307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ambio","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.464.6766","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.464.6766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://152.3.12.176/jackson/ambio2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:95603","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/95603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Substantial Review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:340762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340762/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1357708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1357708/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AMBIO , 41 (4) pp. 350-369. (2012)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23072042","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ecosystem_impacts_of_geoengineering_A_review_for_developing_a_science_plan/23072042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:39054","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/39054/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2665705","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3393062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2241382595","display_name":"SANDPIT: Integrated Assessment of Geoengineering Proposals (IAGP)","funder_award_id":"EP/I014721/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324112","display_name":"Third World Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00twbd828"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89000178","https://openalex.org/W191293119","https://openalex.org/W344475445","https://openalex.org/W1492802480","https://openalex.org/W1535469252","https://openalex.org/W1538625385","https://openalex.org/W1551533759","https://openalex.org/W1552046729","https://openalex.org/W1601934020","https://openalex.org/W1617891975","https://openalex.org/W1649401714","https://openalex.org/W1674733673","https://openalex.org/W1839952345","https://openalex.org/W1923012803","https://openalex.org/W1927389403","https://openalex.org/W1931089290","https://openalex.org/W1967550147","https://openalex.org/W1970480182","https://openalex.org/W1976259602","https://openalex.org/W1978748710","https://openalex.org/W1981402659","https://openalex.org/W1983340010","https://openalex.org/W1986821446","https://openalex.org/W1987308015","https://openalex.org/W1995950645","https://openalex.org/W2001092428","https://openalex.org/W2002456161","https://openalex.org/W2004036185","https://openalex.org/W2004803794","https://openalex.org/W2010169680","https://openalex.org/W2013077733","https://openalex.org/W2013538977","https://openalex.org/W2017077556","https://openalex.org/W2017818081","https://openalex.org/W2026974265","https://openalex.org/W2030427608","https://openalex.org/W2033767602","https://openalex.org/W2047599526","https://openalex.org/W2047827755","https://openalex.org/W2048033136","https://openalex.org/W2049207331","https://openalex.org/W2054652969","https://openalex.org/W2061785365","https://openalex.org/W2064326162","https://openalex.org/W2070214904","https://openalex.org/W2070659317","https://openalex.org/W2073610126","https://openalex.org/W2073885728","https://openalex.org/W2077622456","https://openalex.org/W2079167274","https://openalex.org/W2081007647","https://openalex.org/W2081730989","https://openalex.org/W2087487147","https://openalex.org/W2090469843","https://openalex.org/W2090631494","https://openalex.org/W2090970809","https://openalex.org/W2095711508","https://openalex.org/W2098759916","https://openalex.org/W2098921391","https://openalex.org/W2099095316","https://openalex.org/W2110705317","https://openalex.org/W2112043465","https://openalex.org/W2112742019","https://openalex.org/W2117806334","https://openalex.org/W2117930979","https://openalex.org/W2118325498","https://openalex.org/W2118726619","https://openalex.org/W2121027950","https://openalex.org/W2132943093","https://openalex.org/W2133501143","https://openalex.org/W2134840668","https://openalex.org/W2136936867","https://openalex.org/W2139362435","https://openalex.org/W2139813070","https://openalex.org/W2151567220","https://openalex.org/W2151591277","https://openalex.org/W2151706499","https://openalex.org/W2154336748","https://openalex.org/W2155035400","https://openalex.org/W2157258199","https://openalex.org/W2158076985","https://openalex.org/W2161139387","https://openalex.org/W2162905888","https://openalex.org/W2164779976","https://openalex.org/W2165037481","https://openalex.org/W2165531584","https://openalex.org/W2165806421","https://openalex.org/W2167705142","https://openalex.org/W2167966151","https://openalex.org/W2168030205","https://openalex.org/W2168776991","https://openalex.org/W2173001546","https://openalex.org/W2315420205","https://openalex.org/W2500900302","https://openalex.org/W2764936261","https://openalex.org/W3125752069","https://openalex.org/W4205355513","https://openalex.org/W4205383247","https://openalex.org/W4206381115","https://openalex.org/W4230211951","https://openalex.org/W4246244195","https://openalex.org/W4250261631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100786264","https://openalex.org/W2803532171","https://openalex.org/W3020704108","https://openalex.org/W2030563640","https://openalex.org/W2594661457","https://openalex.org/W4252371112","https://openalex.org/W2113227668","https://openalex.org/W7208698221","https://openalex.org/W2039051123","https://openalex.org/W7135829506"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}