{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164352365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt008","title":"The Gender Wage Gap in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Re-examination","display_name":"The Gender Wage Gap in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Re-examination","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164352365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt008","mag":"2164352365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jae/ejt008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36588791","display_name":"Journal of African Economies","issn_l":"0963-8024","issn":["0963-8024","1464-3723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of African Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021052165","display_name":"Haroon I. Bhorat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-9306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-9306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Bhorat","raw_affiliation_strings":["a School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","b Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019716831","display_name":"Sumayya Goga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Goga","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021052165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":{"value":3554,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4687},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93478874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"827","last_page":"848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-apartheid-south-africa","display_name":"post-apartheid South Africa","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-decomposition","display_name":"wage decomposition","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endowment-effect","display_name":"endowment effect","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-workers","display_name":"domestic workers","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-employment","display_name":"formal employment","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-education","display_name":"women's education","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-employment","display_name":"public sector employees","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managers","display_name":"managers","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-distribution","display_name":"wage distribution","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034198","display_name":"Cape","level":2,"score":0.9277733564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6142990589141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5397440195083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3887222707271576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3754197657108307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.35111725330352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30916526913642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13936421275138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jae/ejt008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36588791","display_name":"Journal of African Economies","issn_l":"0963-8024","issn":["0963-8024","1464-3723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of African Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:jafrec:v:22:y:2013:i:5:p:827-848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/jae/ejt008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3015451573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.africaneditors.org/journal/JAECO/abstract/C4F04D00183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36588791","display_name":"Journal of African Economies","issn_l":"0963-8024","issn":["0963-8024","1464-3723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of African Economy","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496981665","https://openalex.org/W1516359543","https://openalex.org/W1577001291","https://openalex.org/W1579325900","https://openalex.org/W1607344667","https://openalex.org/W1607856071","https://openalex.org/W1976514345","https://openalex.org/W2029394297","https://openalex.org/W2038371599","https://openalex.org/W2063297754","https://openalex.org/W2116561490","https://openalex.org/W2155089644","https://openalex.org/W2161639893","https://openalex.org/W2166271455","https://openalex.org/W2167487324","https://openalex.org/W2752305323","https://openalex.org/W3122484243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220824557","https://openalex.org/W55023236","https://openalex.org/W1525222037","https://openalex.org/W1496981665","https://openalex.org/W2944477669","https://openalex.org/W2515847513","https://openalex.org/W1607344667","https://openalex.org/W1575395943","https://openalex.org/W3091275600","https://openalex.org/W4301262322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"analyse":[1],"the":[2,14,20,23,27,39,56,59,66,69,74,77,84,87,90,111,124,127,134,158,194,198,209],"gender":[3,60],"wage":[4,24,50,61,70],"gap":[5,25,62,88,125],"for":[6,83,107],"Africans":[7],"in":[8,22,167,193],"post-apartheid":[9],"South":[10],"Africa":[11],"and,":[12],"using":[13],"recentred":[15],"influence":[16],"function":[17],"(RIF),":[18],"decompose":[19],"changes":[21],"along":[26],"distribution":[28,71],"into":[29],"explained":[30],"and":[31,92,113,116,129,136,140,151,154,171,191],"unexplained":[32,99,142,173,203],"contributions":[33,100,143,204],"related":[34,101,207],"to":[35,102,122,208],"various":[36],"factors.":[37],"Using":[38],"latest":[40],"nationally":[41],"representative":[42],"household":[43],"survey\u2014the":[44],"2007":[45],"Labour":[46],"Force":[47],"Survey\u2014from":[48],"which":[49],"data":[51],"are":[52],"available,":[53],"we":[54],"find":[55],"following:":[57],"first,":[58],"is":[63],"higher":[64,184],"at":[65,73,110],"bottom":[67],"of":[68,86,169],"than":[72],"top;":[75],"second,":[76],"constant":[78,210],"or":[79,97,211],"\u2018pure":[80,212],"discrimination\u2019":[81],"accounts":[82],"majority":[85],"between":[89,126,133],"20":[91,112,128],"50th":[93,130],"quantiles;":[94,131],"third,":[95],"negative":[96,172,202],"favourable":[98,176,213],"a":[103],"positive":[104,141],"policy":[105],"shock":[106],"domestic":[108],"workers":[109,150,156,182,190,192],"30th":[114],"quantiles":[115],"formal":[117,195],"sector":[118,153,189,196],"employment":[119],"both":[120,164],"served":[121],"narrow":[123],"finally,":[132],"70":[135],"90th":[137,159,199],"quantiles,":[138],"large":[139],"associated":[144],"mainly":[145,180,206],"with":[146,183],"degree":[147],"holders,":[148],"wage-employed":[149],"public":[152,188],"managerial":[155],"(at":[157,197],"quantile)":[160],"were":[161,205],"tempered":[162],"by":[163],"endowment":[165,177],"effects":[166,178],"favour":[168],"women":[170],"contributions.":[174],"The":[175],"arise":[179],"from":[181],"education,":[185],"professional":[186],"workers,":[187],"quantile),":[200],"while":[201],"discrimination\u2019.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
