{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164131008","doi":null,"title":"Clientelism as Political Monopoly","display_name":"Clientelism as Political Monopoly","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164131008","mag":"2164131008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.467.3741","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.467.3741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://investigadores.cide.edu/aparicio/clientelism/medinastokesapsa.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040214690","display_name":"Luis Fernando Medina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-0806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-0806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Fernando Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago (  )"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-0806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago (  )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074203382","display_name":"Susan C. Stokes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-2826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-2826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan C. Stokes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago (  )"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-2826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago (  )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98190009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10777","display_name":"Politics and Society in Latin America","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10777","display_name":"Politics and Society in Latin America","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.06700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.061900001019239426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-clientelism","display_name":"political clientelism","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-monopoly","display_name":"political monopoly","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbent-firms","display_name":"incumbent firms","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-competition","display_name":"electoral competition","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-redistribution","display_name":"economic redistribution","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-politics","display_name":"democratic politics","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-redistribution","display_name":"political economy of redistribution","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543464","display_name":"Clientelism","level":4,"score":0.9741601943969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.8473426103591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.7874977588653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6638926267623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6011088490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5494751334190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5417436361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5074731707572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.41319039463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.336786150932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31752485036849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0782960057258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.467.3741","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.467.3741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://investigadores.cide.edu/aparicio/clientelism/medinastokesapsa.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2164131008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ccd.uchicago.edu/MedinaStokesAPSA.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486687115","https://openalex.org/W1504157790","https://openalex.org/W1541185770","https://openalex.org/W1599859495","https://openalex.org/W1841166463","https://openalex.org/W1977072143","https://openalex.org/W1997163768","https://openalex.org/W2021052150","https://openalex.org/W2047359831","https://openalex.org/W2078584482","https://openalex.org/W2083277050","https://openalex.org/W2092895344","https://openalex.org/W2151021552","https://openalex.org/W2313273049","https://openalex.org/W3123649581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416680029","https://openalex.org/W3037588161","https://openalex.org/W6990952215","https://openalex.org/W1566113439","https://openalex.org/W1528472973","https://openalex.org/W1575564482","https://openalex.org/W7127071292","https://openalex.org/W7096162715","https://openalex.org/W3153273086","https://openalex.org/W2170280254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,48],"characterize":[1],"political":[2,13,51],"clientelism":[3,32],"as":[4],"a":[5,12,22,26,36],"regime":[6],"in":[7,25,35,65],"which":[8],"an":[9,63],"incumbent":[10],"holds":[11],"monopoly":[14,52],"over":[15],"resources":[16],"valuable":[17],"to":[18],"the":[19],"voters.":[20],"Through":[21],"formal":[23],"model":[24],"simple":[27],"economy":[28],"we":[29],"study":[30],"how":[31],"affects":[33],"policy":[34],"democratic":[37],"setting,":[38],"placing":[39],"special":[40],"emphasis":[41],"on":[42,45],"its":[43],"effects":[44],"economic":[46,71],"redistribution.":[47],"show":[49],"that":[50],"depresses":[53],"(but":[54],"does":[55],"not":[56],"eliminate)":[57],"electoral":[58],"competition,":[59],"and":[60,70],"gives":[61],"incumbents":[62],"interest":[64],"suppressing":[66],"both":[67],"redistributive":[68],"policies":[69],"development.":[72],"1":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
