{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164094849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242699173003","title":"Tackling Youth Unemployment through Entrepreneurship","display_name":"Tackling Youth Unemployment through Entrepreneurship","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164094849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242699173003","mag":"2164094849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0266242699173003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242699173003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242699173003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107859553","display_name":"International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"0266-2426","issn":["0266-2426","1741-2870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065188062","display_name":"Sunday L Owualah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunday L Owualah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065188062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37642276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"49","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.05640000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-unemployment","display_name":"youth unemployment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-scale-industry","display_name":"small-scale industry","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-employment","display_name":"graduate employment","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-programs","display_name":"employment programs","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-growth","display_name":"business growth","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owner-characteristics","display_name":"owner characteristics","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.821876049041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.7885907888412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.6910269856452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.5904164910316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.5354058742523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5273690819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4950351119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.44901180267333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780438764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4261734","display_name":"Youth unemployment","level":3,"score":0.4474661946296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41829797625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3426862359046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2993531823158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2689421772956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.21974077820777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12734633684158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0266242699173003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242699173003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242699173003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107859553","display_name":"International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"0266-2426","issn":["0266-2426","1741-2870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7599999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623428647","https://openalex.org/W644793528","https://openalex.org/W1493713957","https://openalex.org/W1513493098","https://openalex.org/W1515545366","https://openalex.org/W1515723699","https://openalex.org/W1977819672","https://openalex.org/W1979294153","https://openalex.org/W1986379987","https://openalex.org/W1998333973","https://openalex.org/W2022237909","https://openalex.org/W2035651732","https://openalex.org/W2072429658","https://openalex.org/W2121806266","https://openalex.org/W2135681650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121312467","https://openalex.org/W6991892445","https://openalex.org/W2123883998","https://openalex.org/W7201839262","https://openalex.org/W7009559615","https://openalex.org/W2177685006","https://openalex.org/W4360975304","https://openalex.org/W4309828256","https://openalex.org/W7116102819","https://openalex.org/W7172219534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DR.":[0],"SUNDAY":[1],"I.":[2],"OWUALAH":[3],"IS":[4],"A":[5],"SENIOR":[6],"lecturer":[7],"in":[8,64,82,84,117,135],"the":[9,43,57,74,114,118,123,129,150],"Department":[10],"of":[11,14,32,45,53,56,70,73,77,106,113,122,145,152,154],"Finance,":[12],"University":[13],"Lagos,":[15],"Nigeria.":[16,65],"This":[17,38,66],"paper":[18],"presents":[19],"evidence":[20],"that":[21,103,128,157],"promoting":[22],"entrepreneurship":[23],"consciously":[24],"among":[25],"youths":[26,91],"can":[27],"be":[28],"an":[29,104,132],"effective":[30],"way":[31],"tackling":[33],"unemployment":[34],"within":[35],"this":[36],"group.":[37],"conclusion":[39],"is":[40,68],"drawn":[41],"from":[42,49],"analysis":[44,101],"survey":[46],"data":[47],"collected":[48],"a":[50],"stratified":[51],"sample":[52],"loan":[54],"beneficiaries":[55],"Smallscale":[58],"Industries":[59],"and":[60,88,94,142],"Graduate":[61],"Employment":[62,78],"Programme":[63],"programme":[67],"one":[69],"four":[71,107,120],"programmes":[72],"National":[75],"Directorate":[76],"(NDE)":[79],"set":[80],"up":[81],"Nigeria":[83],"1987":[85],"to":[86,92],"encourage":[87],"assist":[89],"unemployed":[90],"establish":[93],"operate":[95],"their":[96,136,146],"own":[97],"smallscale":[98],"firms.":[99],"The":[100],"shows":[102],"average":[105],"newjobs":[108],"were":[109,158],"created":[110],"by":[111],"each":[112],"respondent":[115],"firms":[116,130,156],"first":[119],"years":[121],"programme.":[124],"It":[125],"further":[126],"reveals":[127],"achieved":[131],"appreciable":[133],"growth":[134],"assets,":[137],"while":[138],"previous":[139],"training,":[140],"experience":[141],"personal":[143],"inclinations":[144],"owners":[147],"largely":[148],"influenced":[149],"choice":[151],"types":[153],"small-scale":[155],"established.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}