{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163553913","doi":null,"title":"Have Countries with Lax Environmental Regulations a Comparative Advantage in Polluting Industries","display_name":"Have Countries with Lax Environmental Regulations a Comparative Advantage in Polluting Industries","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163553913","mag":"2163553913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-07-08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.rff.org/RFF/documents/RFF-DP-07-08.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.rff.org/RFF/documents/RFF-DP-07-08.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042146413","display_name":"Miguel Quiroga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-5764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-5764"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Quiroga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7773-5764","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021297027","display_name":"U. Martin Persson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-6734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-6734"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Martin Persson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-6734","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016312089","display_name":"Thomas Sterner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-3545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-3545"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Sterner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-3545","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-advantage","display_name":"comparative advantage","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polluting-industries","display_name":"polluting industries","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-haven-effect","display_name":"pollution haven effect","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-content-of-trade","display_name":"factor content of trade","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-specialization","display_name":"trade specialization","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.9034889936447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778664945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7225741","display_name":"Pollution haven hypothesis","level":3,"score":0.6509969830513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778217808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5683658","display_name":"Haven","level":2,"score":0.6334937214851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6017279624938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985274072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental regulation","level":2,"score":0.595867395401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76474335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215551","display_name":"Comparative advantage","level":2,"score":0.5918375253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777463520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077481","display_name":"Porter hypothesis","level":3,"score":0.5317524671554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.4284379780292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.32656461000442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3225712180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3016470670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2970294952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2969094216823578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.14427229762077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09390592575073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-07-08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.rff.org/RFF/documents/RFF-DP-07-08.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.rff.org/RFF/documents/RFF-DP-07-08.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2163553913","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/21511/1/gupea_2077_21511_1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gupea.ub.gu.se:2077/21511","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401168","display_name":"Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","host_organization_name":"University of Gothenburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:51458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/51458-have-countries-with-lax-environmental-regulations-a-comparative-advantage-in-polluting-industries","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:51458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/51458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157545560","https://openalex.org/W423818747","https://openalex.org/W1529164671","https://openalex.org/W1592195799","https://openalex.org/W1964482633","https://openalex.org/W1981699512","https://openalex.org/W2000623360","https://openalex.org/W2010963776","https://openalex.org/W2018746563","https://openalex.org/W2041033533","https://openalex.org/W2058774911","https://openalex.org/W2059295588","https://openalex.org/W2072620349","https://openalex.org/W2090841340","https://openalex.org/W2091020207","https://openalex.org/W2093926436","https://openalex.org/W2105146505","https://openalex.org/W2108419099","https://openalex.org/W2125481562","https://openalex.org/W2146006314","https://openalex.org/W2165577308","https://openalex.org/W2204855040","https://openalex.org/W2238442143","https://openalex.org/W2256808630","https://openalex.org/W2325530759","https://openalex.org/W2570555068","https://openalex.org/W2891130981","https://openalex.org/W3121523752","https://openalex.org/W3121926448","https://openalex.org/W3122909303","https://openalex.org/W3124149872","https://openalex.org/W3124259699","https://openalex.org/W3124415079","https://openalex.org/W3125994304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095520317","https://openalex.org/W7065351550","https://openalex.org/W1528066478","https://openalex.org/W7098183015","https://openalex.org/W2162531464","https://openalex.org/W2185108796","https://openalex.org/W2366017269","https://openalex.org/W3122005533","https://openalex.org/W1564302033","https://openalex.org/W2528004096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,56],"aim":[1],"to":[2,14,46,58],"study":[3,20],"whether":[4],"lax":[5],"environmental":[6,68,104],"regulations":[7],"induce":[8],"comparative":[9],"advantages,":[10],"causing\\nthe":[11],"least-regulated":[12],"countries":[13,43],"specialize":[15],"in":[16,44,51,61,95,108],"polluting":[17,54],"industries.":[18,55],"The":[19],"is":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23],"Trefler":[24],"and":[25,79,111],"Zhu\u2019s\\n(2005)":[26],"definition":[27],"of":[28,32,67,75,82,97,102],"the":[29,35,48,52,62,65,72,76,80,83,98,103],"factor":[30],"content":[31],"trade.":[33],"For":[34],"econometrical":[36],"analysis,":[37],"we":[38,90,112],"use":[39],"a":[40,88],"cross-section":[41],"of\\n71":[42],"2000":[45],"examine":[47],"net":[49],"exports":[50],"most":[53],"try":[57],"overcome":[59],"three\\nweaknesses":[60],"empirical":[63],"literature:":[64],"measurement":[66],"endowments":[69,105],"or":[70],"environmental\\nstringency,":[71],"possible":[73],"endogeneity":[74],"explanatory":[77],"variables,":[78],"influence":[81],"industrial":[84],"level\\nof":[85],"aggregation.":[86],"As":[87],"result,":[89],"do":[91],"find":[92,114],"some":[93],"evidence":[94],"favor":[96],"pollution-haven":[99],"effect.":[100],"The\\nexogeneity":[101],"was":[106],"rejected":[107],"several":[109],"industries,":[110],"also":[113],"that\\nindustrial":[115],"aggregation":[116],"matters.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
