{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163014584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","title":"The Promise of Integrative Biology: Resurrection of the Naturalist","display_name":"The Promise of Integrative Biology: Resurrection of the Naturalist","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163014584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","mag":"2163014584","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21680433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/icb/43.2.276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103356783","display_name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","issn_l":"1540-7063","issn":["1540-7063","1557-7023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111515226","display_name":"John S. Pearse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Pearse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Long Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Long Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111515226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":{"value":4243,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4243},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4371,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92326063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"276","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.7559000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.7559000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12182","display_name":"Evolution and Science Education","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12766","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration","score":0.05620000138878822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrative-biology","display_name":"integrative biology","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalists","display_name":"naturalists","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-biology","display_name":"history of biology","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-synthesis","display_name":"knowledge synthesis","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-history","display_name":"natural history","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-natural-history","display_name":"history of natural history","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43236755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56000","display_name":"Naturalism","level":2,"score":0.6890259385108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4574223756790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3871181905269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.36265259981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.35546284914016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.25596779584884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.20732909440994263}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/icb/43.2.276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103356783","display_name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","issn_l":"1540-7063","issn":["1540-7063","1557-7023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21680433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21680433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Integrative and comparative biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.490.4257","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.490.4257","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/2/276.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:10.1093/icb/43.2.276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1093/icb/43.2.276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101489355","https://openalex.org/W2109371073","https://openalex.org/W2137333342","https://openalex.org/W2175426803","https://openalex.org/W2177319251","https://openalex.org/W2180920901","https://openalex.org/W3015202586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W113063250","https://openalex.org/W7099319792","https://openalex.org/W2109680720","https://openalex.org/W4409773414","https://openalex.org/W983815273","https://openalex.org/W2137333342","https://openalex.org/W182900757","https://openalex.org/W4377007979","https://openalex.org/W1523390852","https://openalex.org/W3091693340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrative":[0],"biology":[1,145,200,230,245],"has":[2],"been":[3],"practiced":[4],"for":[5,63,134],"a":[6,21,38,258],"very":[7],"long":[8],"time;":[9],"it":[10,164],"is":[11],"in":[12,109,144,146,183,192,199,206,244],"our":[13,17],"roots.":[14],"Before":[15],"agriculture,":[16],"ancestors":[18],"depended":[19],"on":[20],"fully":[22],"integrated":[23,54],"knowledge":[24],"of":[25,35,41,75,94,112,119,139,171,214,236,249,260],"their":[26,100],"world":[27,55],"to":[28,51,154,218,231],"successfully":[29],"hunt":[30],"and":[31,45,49,61,73,93,97,99,103,125,128,174,187,189,194,208,222,228,233,241,253],"gather.":[32],"The":[33,67],"development":[34],"agriculture":[36],"was":[37,59],"natural":[39],"consequence":[40],"such":[42],"knowledge.":[43],"Democritus":[44],"Aristotle":[46],"championed":[47],"observation":[48],"synthesis":[50],"provide":[52],"an":[53],"view":[56],"that":[57,246,250],"subsequently":[58],"subverted":[60],"mystified":[62],"nearly":[64],"2000":[65],"years.":[66],"giants":[68],"who":[69,141],"lead":[70],"us":[71,140,237],"through":[72],"out":[74,170,248],"the":[76,110,113,117,120,135,147],"European":[77],"renaissance\u2014da":[78],"Vinci,":[79],"Gesner,":[80],"Harvey,":[81],"Ray,":[82],"Malpighi,":[83],"Leeuwenhoek,":[84],"Hooke,":[85],"Buffon,":[86],"Linnaeus,":[87],"Trembly,":[88],"Lamarck,":[89],"Cuvier,":[90],"von":[91],"Baer,":[92],"course,":[95],"Wallace":[96],"Darwin":[98],"supporters,":[101],"Huxley":[102],"Haeckel\u2014all":[104],"were":[105,152],"integrative":[106,123,156],"biologists,":[107],"or":[108,202],"terminology":[111],"time,":[114],"naturalists.":[115],"By":[116],"end":[118],"19th":[121],"century,":[122],"biology,":[124,157,215],"indeed":[126],"science":[127],"rational":[129],"thinking,":[130],"carried":[131],"great":[132],"promise":[133],"20th":[136,149],"century.":[137],"Many":[138,235],"grew":[142,169,247],"up":[143],"mid":[148],"century":[150],"also":[151],"trained":[153],"practice":[155],"although":[158],"we":[159,254],"rarely,":[160],"if":[161,203],"ever,":[162],"identified":[163],"as":[165,178,190],"such.":[166],"Our":[167,196],"interest":[168],"childhood":[172],"curiosity":[173],"fascination":[175],"with":[176,257],"organisms,":[177],"seen":[179],"all":[180,212],"around":[181],"us,":[182],"parks,":[184],"forests,":[185],"deserts,":[186],"seashores,":[188],"displayed":[191],"zoos":[193],"museums.":[195],"training,":[197,252],"usually":[198],"departments,":[201,210],"broken":[204],"apart,":[205],"botany":[207],"zoology":[209],"included":[211],"aspects":[213],"from":[216,226],"cells":[217],"populations,":[219],"across":[220],"taxa,":[221],"including":[223],"multiple":[224,263],"disciplines,":[225],"physiology":[227],"cell":[229],"ecology":[232],"evolution.":[234],"developed":[238],"careers":[239],"teaching":[240],"doing":[242],"research":[243],"broad":[251],"worked":[255],"comfortably":[256],"variety":[259],"organisms":[261],"using":[262],"approaches.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-17T22:18:28.273824","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
