{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162977333","doi":null,"title":"Competition in Modular Clusters","display_name":"Competition in Modular Clusters","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162977333","mag":"2162977333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.528.63","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.528.63","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://kuala.smu.edu.sg/~jason/papers/BaldwinWoodardClusters3.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1796&context=sis_research","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054224462","display_name":"Carliss Y. Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-8286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-8286"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carliss Y. Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-8286","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009587995","display_name":"Charles Jason Woodard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-0384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-0384"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Jason Woodard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-0384","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96046109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.6919000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.6919000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.21719999611377716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"modular design","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"competition","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pricing","display_name":"pricing","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability","display_name":"profitability","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-manufacturing","display_name":"modular manufacturing","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.7134267091751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.7125043869018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181169782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571520","display_name":"Vertical integration","level":2,"score":0.6399931907653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.600619912147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.5677826404571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165942954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153139","display_name":"Commoditization","level":2,"score":0.5562148094177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5136875510215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.49221673607826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96219163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649124","display_name":"Network effect","level":2,"score":0.48714324831962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47517603635787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47170019149780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46819862723350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4156153202056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40046998858451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2859402298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.528.63","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.528.63","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://kuala.smu.edu.sg/~jason/papers/BaldwinWoodardClusters3.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-1796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1796&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5842.html","raw_type":"Working Paper"},{"id":"mag:2162977333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mercury.smu.edu.sg/rsrchpubupload/10993/baldwin2007competition.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-1796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1796&context=sis_research","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5842.html","raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135979475","https://openalex.org/W157194073","https://openalex.org/W995854486","https://openalex.org/W1480553355","https://openalex.org/W1486367957","https://openalex.org/W1489741075","https://openalex.org/W1494917938","https://openalex.org/W1550136613","https://openalex.org/W1573934778","https://openalex.org/W1968033187","https://openalex.org/W1970930607","https://openalex.org/W1972221945","https://openalex.org/W1973702148","https://openalex.org/W1993428784","https://openalex.org/W1993700489","https://openalex.org/W2008520857","https://openalex.org/W2025145152","https://openalex.org/W2036454494","https://openalex.org/W2043630761","https://openalex.org/W2049819719","https://openalex.org/W2059692012","https://openalex.org/W2061360566","https://openalex.org/W2063085263","https://openalex.org/W2086250756","https://openalex.org/W2101253753","https://openalex.org/W2108929577","https://openalex.org/W2121857937","https://openalex.org/W2123731236","https://openalex.org/W2128259769","https://openalex.org/W2129998937","https://openalex.org/W2132647615","https://openalex.org/W2139315062","https://openalex.org/W2140409505","https://openalex.org/W2144046143","https://openalex.org/W2157416820","https://openalex.org/W2164498579","https://openalex.org/W2169544344","https://openalex.org/W2209421179","https://openalex.org/W2312794107","https://openalex.org/W2324656367","https://openalex.org/W3024762313","https://openalex.org/W3085863143","https://openalex.org/W3121356451","https://openalex.org/W3121694862","https://openalex.org/W3123175156","https://openalex.org/W3123620353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7075583762","https://openalex.org/W10816313","https://openalex.org/W6922426663","https://openalex.org/W2388367542","https://openalex.org/W7099160831","https://openalex.org/W2482181006","https://openalex.org/W2900186554","https://openalex.org/W3215355684","https://openalex.org/W1548377935","https://openalex.org/W3093270083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supersedes":[0],"\"The":[1],"Pricing":[2],"and":[3,12],"Profitability":[4],"of":[5],"Modular":[6],"Clusters\"":[7],"with":[8],"Carliss":[9],"Y.":[10],"Baldwin":[11],"Kim":[13],"B.":[14],"Clark.":[15]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}