{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162898366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","title":"Targeting Determinants and Proposed Evolutionary Basis for the Sec and the Delta pH Protein Transport Systems in Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes","display_name":"Targeting Determinants and Proposed Evolutionary Basis for the Sec and the Delta pH Protein Transport Systems in Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162898366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","mag":"2162898366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9049248","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2132503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96410829","display_name":"The Journal of Cell Biology","issn_l":"0021-9525","issn":["0021-9525","1540-8140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Cell Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2132503/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111696659","display_name":"Ralph L. Henry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050687014","display_name":"Matthew A. Carrigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-2265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1459-2265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Carrigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038906877","display_name":"Michael McCaffery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael McCaffery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071862221","display_name":"Xianyue Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051791316","display_name":"Kenneth Cline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-810X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-810X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Cline","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051791316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7783,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91821938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":"4","first_page":"823","last_page":"832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10303","display_name":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10303","display_name":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10617","display_name":"Cellular transport and secretion","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sec-pathway","display_name":"Sec pathway","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-peptide","display_name":"signal peptide","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroplast-thylakoid-membranes","display_name":"chloroplast thylakoid","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-translocation","display_name":"protein translocation","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33292294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21760416","display_name":"Twin-arginine translocation pathway","level":5,"score":0.9504829049110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101692577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337889","display_name":"Thylakoid","level":4,"score":0.8566379547119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57581600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2449730","display_name":"Transport protein","level":2,"score":0.5692522525787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5096409320831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10858879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899790","display_name":"Signal peptide","level":4,"score":0.4981207847595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.47622328996658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4553662836551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559089031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658882","display_name":"Protein targeting","level":4,"score":0.41924065351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.39461278915405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36664068698883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144647389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423042","display_name":"Membrane protein","level":3,"score":0.34049785137176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.32702070474624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.32570233941078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167625842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763","display_name":"Peptide sequence","level":3,"score":0.22834768891334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07004788517951965}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002352","descriptor_name":"Carrier Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002736","descriptor_name":"Chloroplasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002736","descriptor_name":"Chloroplasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008565","descriptor_name":"Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008565","descriptor_name":"Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010940","descriptor_name":"Plant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010940","descriptor_name":"Plant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017434","descriptor_name":"Protein Structure, Tertiary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018532","descriptor_name":"Pisum sativum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021382","descriptor_name":"Protein Sorting Signals","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021382","descriptor_name":"Protein Sorting Signals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047908","descriptor_name":"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.4.823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96410829","display_name":"The Journal of Cell Biology","issn_l":"0021-9525","issn":["0021-9525","1540-8140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Cell Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2132503","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2132503/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2132503/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Cell Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9049248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9049248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of cell biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.274.588","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.274.588","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/7b/03/J_Cell_Biol_1997_Feb_24_136(4)_823-832.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2132503","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2132503/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2132503/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Cell Biol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5164921885","display_name":"Targeting and Assembly of Thylakoid Membrane Proteins","funder_award_id":"R01GM046951","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310009","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336416","display_name":"International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan","ror":"https://ror.org/02h5sfg65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162898366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162898366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7784797","https://openalex.org/W61163723","https://openalex.org/W152988100","https://openalex.org/W1517698908","https://openalex.org/W1526372251","https://openalex.org/W1531406620","https://openalex.org/W1544155990","https://openalex.org/W1544184681","https://openalex.org/W1548190938","https://openalex.org/W1551209624","https://openalex.org/W1562495055","https://openalex.org/W1572059244","https://openalex.org/W1576758515","https://openalex.org/W1649524883","https://openalex.org/W1932645010","https://openalex.org/W1974907033","https://openalex.org/W1986454552","https://openalex.org/W1998591058","https://openalex.org/W2007676729","https://openalex.org/W2029391886","https://openalex.org/W2030128644","https://openalex.org/W2030497312","https://openalex.org/W2035663056","https://openalex.org/W2041581829","https://openalex.org/W2044658288","https://openalex.org/W2062665049","https://openalex.org/W2066804008","https://openalex.org/W2145778276","https://openalex.org/W2289232069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095855415","https://openalex.org/W7221188453","https://openalex.org/W1981378404","https://openalex.org/W7221157458","https://openalex.org/W2097727546","https://openalex.org/W2045891713","https://openalex.org/W7221085919","https://openalex.org/W2741673230","https://openalex.org/W1649524883","https://openalex.org/W2006421795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transport":[0],"of":[1,58,151,192],"proteins":[2,193],"to":[3,41,78,105,145,189],"the":[4,13,16,79,88,99,106,117,121,128,148,177,184,196],"thylakoid":[5,197],"lumen":[6],"is":[7,24,96,109],"accomplished":[8],"by":[9,26,111,136,166],"two":[10],"precursor-specific":[11],"pathways,":[12,168],"Sec":[14,100,107,129,141,161,178,198],"and":[15,36,63,70,91,140],"unique":[17],"Delta":[18,80,138,169,185],"pH":[19,81,139,170,186],"transport":[20,149,191],"systems.":[21],"Pathway":[22],"selection":[23],"specified":[25],"transient":[27],"lumen-targeting":[28],"domains":[29,66],"(LTDs)":[30],"on":[31,176],"precursor":[32],"proteins.":[33,159],"Here,":[34],"chimeric":[35],"mutant":[37],"LTDs":[38],"were":[39,67,163,172],"used":[40,144],"identify":[42],"elements":[43],"responsible":[44],"for":[45,72],"targeting":[46,77,104],"specificity.":[47],"The":[48],"results":[49],"showed":[50],"that:":[51],"(a)":[52],"minimal":[53],"signal":[54,133],"peptide":[55],"motifs":[56],"consisting":[57],"charged":[59],"N,":[60],"hydrophobic":[61],"H,":[62],"cleavage":[64],"C":[65],"both":[68,152,167],"necessary":[69],"sufficient":[71],"pathway-specific":[73],"targeting;":[74],"(b)":[75],"exclusive":[76,103],"pathway":[82,108],"requires":[83],"a":[84],"twin":[85,118,122],"arginine":[86,123],"in":[87,174],"N":[89,113],"domain":[90,94,114],"an":[92,112],"H":[93],"that":[95,115,183],"incompatible":[97,194],"with":[98,127,156,195],"pathway;":[101],"(c)":[102],"achieved":[110],"lacks":[116],"arginine,":[119],"although":[120],"was":[124,143],"completely":[125],"compatible":[126],"system.":[130],"A":[131],"dual-targeting":[132],"peptide,":[134],"constructed":[135],"combining":[137],"domains,":[142],"simultaneously":[146],"compare":[147],"capability":[150],"pathways":[153],"when":[154],"confronted":[155],"different":[157],"passenger":[158],"Whereas":[160],"passengers":[162,171],"efficiently":[164],"transported":[165],"arrested":[173],"translocation":[175],"pathway.":[179],"This":[180],"finding":[181],"suggests":[182],"mechanism":[187],"evolved":[188],"accommodate":[190],"machinery.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}