{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162880174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","title":"Physics in a university laboratory before and after World War II","display_name":"Physics in a university laboratory before and after World War II","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162880174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","mag":"2162880174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212881","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4630","issn":["0080-4630","2053-9169"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110298623","display_name":"John Ashworth Ratcliffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Ashworth Ratcliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Formerly Director of the Science Research Council\u2019s Radio and Space Research Station"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Formerly Director of the Science Research Council\u2019s Radio and Space Research Station","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114348524","display_name":"Reginald Victor Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. V. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Scholar  Find this author on PubMed"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar  Find this author on PubMed","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9824633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"342","issue":"1631","first_page":"457","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.48240000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.48240000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.385699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cavendish-laboratory","display_name":"Cavendish Laboratory","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-physics","display_name":"history of physics","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-organization","display_name":"research organization","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-costs","display_name":"research costs","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-staffing","display_name":"laboratory staffing","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-research-and-development","display_name":"government research and development","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-records","display_name":"research records","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779268580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3447087","display_name":"Allowance (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5883505940437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931779","display_name":"Seniority","level":2,"score":0.5576253533363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.4497950077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4476810097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3983531892299652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37185007333755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36900901794433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.36429065465927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.346121609210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2681675851345062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2180292010307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1975.0036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212881","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4630","issn":["0080-4630","2053-9169"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1937039678","https://openalex.org/W4250098579","https://openalex.org/W2070221353","https://openalex.org/W2053818676","https://openalex.org/W1988919194","https://openalex.org/W4250353022","https://openalex.org/W2077864274","https://openalex.org/W4251978463","https://openalex.org/W1580262744","https://openalex.org/W4401234949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"I":[1,17,29,48,59,99,123,142,145,162,205,252],"started":[2],"research":[3,42,55],"in":[4,8,10,68,71,105,131,137,158],"the":[5,22,34,46,64,69,72,77,106,110,120,132,138,156,159,185,190,198,223,227,231,234,262],"Cavendish":[6],"Laboratory":[7,23,70],"Cambridge":[9],"1924,":[11],"exactly":[12],"fifty":[13],"years":[14,32,38,191],"ago,":[15],"and":[16,36,44,56,75,90,94,122],"remained":[18],"a":[19,41,50,53],"member":[20,51],"of":[21,52,66,92,112,134,148,155,233],"until":[24],"1960.":[25,193],"During":[26],"that":[27,144,165,197,210,216,257],"time":[28,239],"spent":[30],"15":[31,37],"before":[33,74,192],"war,":[35,121],"after,":[39],"as":[40],"worker,":[43],"during":[45,119],"war":[47],"was":[49],"government":[54],"development":[57],"establishment.":[58],"shall":[60,100,124,206],"attempt":[61],"to":[62,102,109,126,183,208,221,240,255,261],"compare":[63],"methods":[65],"working":[67],"periods":[73,108],"after":[76],"war.":[78],"The":[79],"comparison":[80],"will":[81],"be":[82],"based":[83],"partly":[84,95],"on":[85,96],"available":[86],"information":[87,188,225],"about":[88],"expenditure":[89],"number":[91],"staff,":[93],"personal":[97],"experience.":[98],"try":[101,125],"relate":[103],"differences":[104],"two":[107],"experiences":[111],"those,":[113],"like":[114],"myself,":[115],"who":[116],"worked":[117],"elsewhere":[118],"make":[127],"allowance":[128],"for":[129,189],"changes":[130],"seniority":[133],"my":[135],"position":[136],"Laboratory.":[139],"Of":[140],"course":[141],"realise":[143],"can":[146],"speak":[147],"only":[149],"one":[150],"university":[151],"physics":[152],"laboratory":[153,199],"out":[154],"many":[157],"country,":[160],"but":[161],"am":[163],"hopeful":[164],"what":[166,175],"happened":[167,176],"there":[168],"may":[169],"not":[170,180,201],"differ":[171],"too":[172],"much":[173],"from":[174,226,238,250],"elsewhere.":[177],"It":[178],"has":[179],"been":[181],"easy":[182],"get":[184],"appropriate":[186],"statistical":[187],"One":[194],"reason":[195,214],"is":[196,215,218,236],"did":[200],"keep":[202],"detailed":[203],"records;":[204],"return":[207],"discuss":[209],"situation":[211],"later.":[212],"Another":[213],"it":[217],"often":[219],"difficult":[220],"extract":[222],"necessary":[224],"University":[228],"Reporter":[229],"because":[230],"character":[232],"record":[235],"changed":[237],"time.":[241],"Although":[242],"another":[243],"investigator":[244],"might":[245],"produce":[246],"statistics":[247],"somewhat":[248],"different":[249],"mine,":[251],"nevertheless":[253],"venture":[254],"think":[256],"they":[258],"would":[259],"lead":[260],"same":[263],"conclusions.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}