{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162875413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","title":"Mobilizing Social Capital Through Employee Spinoffs","display_name":"Mobilizing Social Capital Through Employee Spinoffs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162875413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","mag":"2162875413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w18459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041972044","display_name":"Marc-Andreas Muendler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-7270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-7270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc-Andreas Muendler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, 0508 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0508 and","Boston University, Booth","Department of Economics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0508","Harvard Business School International Research Conference, the Santa Cruz Institute for International Economics, the NBER Entrepreneurship Working Group, the ZEW Workshop on Spin-off Entrepreneurship,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","School of Business, Harris School for Public Policy, University of Oregon and UC San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, 0508 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0508 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Booth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0508","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School International Research Conference, the Santa Cruz Institute for International Economics, the NBER Entrepreneurship Working Group, the ZEW Workshop on Spin-off Entrepreneurship,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Harris School for Public Policy, University of Oregon and UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050178053","display_name":"James E. Rauch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Rauch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Booth","Department of Economics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0508","Department of Economics, 0508 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0508 and","Harvard Business School International Research Conference, the Santa Cruz Institute for International Economics, the NBER Entrepreneurship Working Group, the ZEW Workshop on Spin-off Entrepreneurship,","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","School of Business, Harris School for Public Policy, University of Oregon and UC San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Booth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0508","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, 0508 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0508 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School International Research Conference, the Santa Cruz Institute for International Economics, the NBER Entrepreneurship Working Group, the ZEW Workshop on Spin-off Entrepreneurship,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Harris School for Public Policy, University of Oregon and UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.14730000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.11079999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/founding-teams","display_name":"founding teams","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-matching","display_name":"job matching","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employer-learning","display_name":"employer learning","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-formation","display_name":"team formation","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-tenure","display_name":"job tenure","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/match-quality","display_name":"match quality","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-entry","display_name":"firm entry","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazil","display_name":"Brazil","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6436014175415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.47869494557380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.42720699310302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.3581119179725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19136956334114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13750746846199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w18459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18459","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w18459.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w18459.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3123809295","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/18459.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3149327503","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/18459.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w18459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w18459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1710427773","display_name":"Employment Responses to Global Markets","funder_award_id":"0550699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162875413.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162875413.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200640952","https://openalex.org/W1517470668","https://openalex.org/W1517950733","https://openalex.org/W1542323922","https://openalex.org/W1982076434","https://openalex.org/W1995210223","https://openalex.org/W1997755734","https://openalex.org/W2031389928","https://openalex.org/W2033686924","https://openalex.org/W2047235037","https://openalex.org/W2057501145","https://openalex.org/W2065402122","https://openalex.org/W2067831995","https://openalex.org/W2085042242","https://openalex.org/W2094735067","https://openalex.org/W2095561982","https://openalex.org/W2097457252","https://openalex.org/W2097614924","https://openalex.org/W2099670044","https://openalex.org/W2102743673","https://openalex.org/W2103854202","https://openalex.org/W2105907333","https://openalex.org/W2111571510","https://openalex.org/W2118493679","https://openalex.org/W2124400200","https://openalex.org/W2128330908","https://openalex.org/W2132288119","https://openalex.org/W2133118343","https://openalex.org/W2145683050","https://openalex.org/W2236467977","https://openalex.org/W2290919285","https://openalex.org/W2798735774","https://openalex.org/W3121503129","https://openalex.org/W3122499974","https://openalex.org/W3122551249","https://openalex.org/W3122979103","https://openalex.org/W3123011427","https://openalex.org/W3124228313","https://openalex.org/W3125346324","https://openalex.org/W3125675572","https://openalex.org/W3126041935","https://openalex.org/W4256135625","https://openalex.org/W6658718079","https://openalex.org/W6662321513","https://openalex.org/W6678994292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096087120","https://openalex.org/W2236467977","https://openalex.org/W7098351903","https://openalex.org/W7001799585","https://openalex.org/W3038630049","https://openalex.org/W7168409694","https://openalex.org/W7097167245","https://openalex.org/W2060315981","https://openalex.org/W7024637164","https://openalex.org/W3153483028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"founding":[1,69],"teams":[2],"of":[3,17,26,142,153,162],"new":[4],"firms":[5],"form":[6],"at":[7,41,78,88,110],"a":[8,42,97,103],"common":[9],"employer.We":[10],"model":[11,34,60,94,145],"team":[12,70],"formation":[13],"and":[14,29,48,80,120],"the":[15,22,46,54,63,89,111,114,139,151],"entry":[16],"employee":[18,148],"spinoffs":[19,149],"by":[20,166],"extending":[21],"Jovanovic":[23,128],"(1979)":[24],"theory":[25],"job":[27],"matching":[28],"employer":[30,47],"learning.In":[31],"our":[32,59,93,143],"social-capital":[33],"employees":[35],"learn":[36],"about":[37],"their":[38],"colleagues'":[39],"characteristics":[40],"faster":[43],"rate":[44],"than":[45,72],"recruit":[49],"suitable":[50],"colleagues":[51],"to":[52,101,160],"join":[53,102],"spinoff":[55,57,104],"firm.For":[56,90],"firms,":[58,92],"predicts":[61,95],"that":[62,81,96,147],"separation":[64,115],"hazard":[65,100,116],"is":[66],"lower":[67],"among":[68,73],"members":[71],"workers":[74,154],"hired":[75],"from":[76],"outside":[77],"founding,":[79],"this":[82],"difference":[83],"shrinks":[84],"with":[85,107,123],"worker":[86,108,124],"tenure":[87,109,125],"parent":[91],"worker's":[98],"departure":[99],"initially":[105],"increases":[106],"parent,":[112],"whereas":[113],"for":[117,138],"conventional":[118],"quits":[119],"layoffs":[121],"decreases":[122],"as":[126],"in":[127,135,155],"(1979).All":[129],"these":[130],"predictions":[131],"are":[132],"clearly":[133],"supported":[134],"Brazilian":[136],"data":[137],"period":[140],"1995-2001.Calibration":[141],"dynamic":[144],"indicates":[146],"raise":[150],"share":[152],"Brazil's":[156],"private":[157],"sector":[158],"known":[159],"be":[161],"high":[163],"match":[164],"quality":[165],"3.2":[167],"percent.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}