{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162813033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002932","title":"Double Effect, Triple Effect and the Trolley Problem: Squaring the Circle in Looping Cases","display_name":"Double Effect, Triple Effect and the Trolley Problem: Squaring the Circle in Looping Cases","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162813033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002932","mag":"2162813033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0953820807002932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197192246","display_name":"Utilitas","issn_l":"0953-8208","issn":["0953-8208","1741-6183"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Utilitas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081684224","display_name":"Michael Otsuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-1712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-1712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL OTSUKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College","University College London m.otsuka@ucl.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London m.otsuka@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081684224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.7077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99195986,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"92","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trolley-problem","display_name":"trolley problem","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-effect","display_name":"double effect","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"moral responsibility","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/killing-versus-letting-die","display_name":"killing versus letting die","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philippa-foot","display_name":"Philippa Foot","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judith-jarvis-thomson","display_name":"Judith Jarvis Thomson","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-intuitions","display_name":"moral intuitions","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.6937941312789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48397183418273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08341199159622192}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0953820807002932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197192246","display_name":"Utilitas","issn_l":"0953-8208","issn":["0953-8208","1741-6183"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Utilitas","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:46934","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/46934/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:utilit:v:20:y:2008:i:01:p:92-110_00","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0953820807002932/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165840446","https://openalex.org/W1593687854","https://openalex.org/W1989745653","https://openalex.org/W2108673146","https://openalex.org/W2797784986","https://openalex.org/W3212685641","https://openalex.org/W6635771294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297672684","https://openalex.org/W4411164371","https://openalex.org/W6980847198","https://openalex.org/W2016235814","https://openalex.org/W3108742681","https://openalex.org/W7073523047","https://openalex.org/W4382243664","https://openalex.org/W7028791932","https://openalex.org/W3199337349","https://openalex.org/W166684604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1],"Trolley":[2],"Case":[3],"(Figure":[4],"1),":[5],"as":[6],"devised":[7],"by":[8,13],"Philippa":[9],"Foot":[10],"and":[11,28,31,46],"modified":[12],"Judith":[14],"Jarvis":[15],"Thomson,":[16],"a":[17,25,39],"runaway":[18],"trolley":[19],"(i.e.":[20],"tram)":[21],"is":[22],"headed":[23],"down":[24],"main":[26],"track":[27],"will":[29,44],"hit":[30,45],"kill":[32,47],"five":[33],"unless":[34],"you":[35],"divert":[36],"it":[37,43],"onto":[38],"side":[40],"track,":[41],"where":[42],"one.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-01T08:31:24.195828","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}