{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162280765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","title":"Antitoxin-in-Membrane and Antitoxin-in-Well Assays for Detection of Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae","display_name":"Antitoxin-in-Membrane and Antitoxin-in-Well Assays for Detection of Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162280765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","mag":"2162280765","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9431948","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/124835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53087977","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology","issn_l":"0095-1137","issn":["0095-1137","1070-633X","1098-660X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC124835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078746812","display_name":"Donald J. Reinhardt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J. Reinhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and","Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007696306","display_name":"A. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and","Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113864450","display_name":"T. Popovic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160401","display_name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmke174","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4210109567","https://openalex.org/I4210121439","https://openalex.org/I4210160401"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Popovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 2-->Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332","Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210160401"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210160401"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69921961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"207","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12499","display_name":"Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12499","display_name":"Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12167","display_name":"Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corynebacterium-diphtheriae","display_name":"Corynebacterium diphtheriae","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxigenicity","display_name":"toxigenicity","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diphtheria-antitoxin","display_name":"diphtheria antitoxin","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778973234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584135","display_name":"Antitoxin","level":3,"score":0.9138393402099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781288345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131649","display_name":"Corynebacterium diphtheriae","level":4,"score":0.9127363562583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7064564824104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5100098848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4175231158733368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780572238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134649","display_name":"Diphtheria","level":3,"score":0.37507277727127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.2928999662399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.09531921148300171}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000992","descriptor_name":"Antitoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003353","descriptor_name":"Corynebacterium diphtheriae","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003353","descriptor_name":"Corynebacterium diphtheriae","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004167","descriptor_name":"Diphtheria Toxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004167","descriptor_name":"Diphtheria Toxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.207-210.1998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53087977","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology","issn_l":"0095-1137","issn":["0095-1137","1070-633X","1098-660X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:185618","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC124835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:124835","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/124835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Clin Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9431948","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9431948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.970.4417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.970.4417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jcm.asm.org/content/36/1/207.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:185618","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC124835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581650842","https://openalex.org/W1987869142","https://openalex.org/W2016361506","https://openalex.org/W2051741158","https://openalex.org/W2051799530","https://openalex.org/W2142583261","https://openalex.org/W2166785990","https://openalex.org/W2313180035","https://openalex.org/W3140139051","https://openalex.org/W4210634424","https://openalex.org/W4248770225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512635407","https://openalex.org/W2001542049","https://openalex.org/W2329089885","https://openalex.org/W3129315174","https://openalex.org/W2087694888","https://openalex.org/W4311810752","https://openalex.org/W4294238078","https://openalex.org/W1967172524","https://openalex.org/W7133233830","https://openalex.org/W1831093680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Elek":[1,42,162,231],"culture":[2],"plate":[3],"precipitin":[4,131],"test":[5,27,43,186,197,218,232],"is":[6],"routinely":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9,257],"the":[10,21,40,46,54,73,126,160,164,183,194,203,229,243],"detection":[11],"of":[12,17,75,94,109,119,133,219,246,250],"exotoxin":[13],"from":[14,66,72,125],"toxigenic":[15,148,151,213],"strains":[16,152],"Corynebacterium":[18],"diphtheriae.":[19],"Recently,":[20],"World":[22],"Health":[23],"Organization":[24],"standardized":[25],"this":[26,35],"to":[28,185,188,196,199],"ensure":[29],"accuracy,":[30],"reliability,":[31],"and":[32,49,61,64,140,149,155,166,174,176,191,240,252],"reproducibility.":[33],"In":[34,53,128,215],"study,":[36],"we":[37],"further":[38],"modified":[39],"standard":[41,161,230],"by":[44,115],"using":[45],"antitoxin-in-membrane":[47],"(AIM)":[48],"antitoxin-in-well":[50],"(AIW)":[51],"approaches.":[52],"AIM":[55,165,181],"tests,":[56,99],"each":[57,120,169],"strain":[58,121],"was":[59,113,233],"stabbed":[60],"streaked":[62],"backwards":[63],"away":[65],"a":[67,76,100,216,225,247],"point":[68],"approximately":[69],"7":[70],"mm":[71,124],"edge":[74],"sterile":[77],"cellulose":[78],"acetate-cellulose":[79],"nitrate":[80],"filter":[81],"membrane":[82],"disk":[83],"(pore":[84],"size,":[85],"0.45":[86],"microm;":[87],"diameter,":[88],"25":[89,92],"mm)":[90,105],"containing":[91,106],"IU":[93],"diphtheria":[95,264],"antitoxin.":[96],"For":[97],"AIW":[98,167,192],"central":[101],"well":[102],"(diameter,":[103],"5":[104],"9":[107],"microl":[108],"antitoxin":[110],"(4.5":[111],"IU)":[112],"surrounded":[114],"eight":[116],"equidistant":[117],"stab-streaks":[118],"placed":[122],"10":[123],"well.":[127],"both":[129],"methods,":[130],"bands":[132],"identity":[134],"typically":[135],"were":[136,209],"noted":[137,210],"after":[138],"24-":[139],"48-h":[141],"incubations":[142],"at":[143],"37":[144],"degrees":[145],"C.":[146,222],"Both":[147,236],"weak":[150,212],"gave":[153],"clear":[154],"reproducible":[156],"results.":[157],"Compared":[158],"with":[159,211,228],"test,":[163],"tests":[168],"use":[170],"50%":[171],"less":[172,178],"medium":[173],"75":[175],"87%":[177],"antitoxin,":[179],"respectively.":[180],"has":[182,193],"potential":[184,195],"up":[187,198],"14":[189],"isolates":[190,201],"24":[200],"on":[202],"same":[204],"plate.":[205],"Furthermore,":[206],"clearer":[207],"positives":[208],"strains.":[214],"blinded":[217],"209":[220],"verified":[221],"diphtheriae":[223],"isolates,":[224],"99.5%":[226],"agreement":[227],"obtained":[234],"overall.":[235],"modifications":[237],"conserve":[238],"reagents":[239],"medium,":[241],"permit":[242],"simultaneous":[244],"testing":[245],"larger":[248],"number":[249],"strains,":[251],"may":[253],"be":[254],"particularly":[255],"suitable":[256],"reference":[258],"laboratories":[259],"or":[260],"hospitals":[261],"involved":[262],"in":[263],"epidemic":[265],"settings.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}