{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162139093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn360","title":"Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Breast Cancer","display_name":"Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Breast Cancer","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162139093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn360","mag":"2162139093","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19001601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jnci/djn360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98010888","display_name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","issn_l":"0027-8874","issn":["0027-8874","1460-2105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2673920","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004840750","display_name":"Rowan T. Chlebowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-6184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-6184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177607063","display_name":"The Lundquist Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025j2nd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165985","display_name":"Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05h4zj272","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I4210165985"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rowan T. Chlebowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. rchlebowski@gmail.com","University of California at Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. rchlebowski@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177607063","https://openalex.org/I4210165985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007972753","display_name":"Karen Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-4077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-4077","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-488X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen C. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003856334","display_name":"Charles L Kooperberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-8560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-8560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Kooperberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085283839","display_name":"Mary B. Pettinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-2986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-2986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Pettinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016111941","display_name":"Jean Wactawski\u2010Wende","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-9595","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-9595"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Wactawski-Wende","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY\u2013Buffalo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY\u2013Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108536420","display_name":"Tom E. Rohan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19772626","display_name":"Yeshiva University","ror":"https://ror.org/045x93337","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19772626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Rohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yeshiva University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeshiva University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19772626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046819887","display_name":"Jacques E. Rossouw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-0371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-0371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Rossouw","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061079061","display_name":"Dorothy S. Lane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-0451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-0451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothy Lane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111734363","display_name":"Mary Jo O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Jo O\u2019Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103486168","display_name":"Shagufta Yasmeen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shagufta Yasmeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of California at Davis#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of California at Davis#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019467370","display_name":"Robert A. Hiatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-8436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-8436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Hiatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039309278","display_name":"James M. Shikany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-9308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-9308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Shikany","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama at Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009980709","display_name":"Mara Z. Vitolins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-0113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-0113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mara Vitolins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wake Forest Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wake Forest Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033571686","display_name":"Janu Khandekar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janu Khandekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024010769","display_name":"F. Allan Hubbell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Allan Hubbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Irvine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5436,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5436},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.8022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":427,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.998147,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"22","first_page":"1581","last_page":"1591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12103","display_name":"Cancer Risks and Factors","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-supplementation","display_name":"calcium supplementation","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-risk","display_name":"breast cancer risk","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-women","display_name":"postmenopausal women","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health-initiative","display_name":"Women's Health Initiative","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-intake","display_name":"vitamin D intake","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hip-fracture","display_name":"hip fracture","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8373271226882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.8042661547660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.7338953614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5485618114471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5479585528373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5211427211761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.4935508966445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4458011984825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.44300758838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4413127601146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4135773181915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06462126970291138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017610","descriptor_name":"Calcium Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017610","descriptor_name":"Calcium Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017610","descriptor_name":"Calcium Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017698","descriptor_name":"Postmenopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017698","descriptor_name":"Postmenopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017698","descriptor_name":"Postmenopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018270","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053208","descriptor_name":"Kaplan-Meier Estimate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053208","descriptor_name":"Kaplan-Meier Estimate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053208","descriptor_name":"Kaplan-Meier Estimate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jnci/djn360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98010888","display_name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","issn_l":"0027-8874","issn":["0027-8874","1460-2105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19001601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19001601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2673920","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2673920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Cancer Inst","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jnci:djn360v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/djn360v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2673920","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2673920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Cancer Inst","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8500000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W221858366","https://openalex.org/W1580788756","https://openalex.org/W1586699954","https://openalex.org/W1593442063","https://openalex.org/W1972665119","https://openalex.org/W1976293750","https://openalex.org/W1978377563","https://openalex.org/W2004279289","https://openalex.org/W2015307018","https://openalex.org/W2027983265","https://openalex.org/W2041184688","https://openalex.org/W2051738961","https://openalex.org/W2052257773","https://openalex.org/W2052384283","https://openalex.org/W2055393332","https://openalex.org/W2071676449","https://openalex.org/W2100437056","https://openalex.org/W2101805185","https://openalex.org/W2102271210","https://openalex.org/W2105475490","https://openalex.org/W2107859602","https://openalex.org/W2111405627","https://openalex.org/W2114129616","https://openalex.org/W2114800972","https://openalex.org/W2117218060","https://openalex.org/W2135100158","https://openalex.org/W2141647078","https://openalex.org/W2144013834","https://openalex.org/W2151512706","https://openalex.org/W2153086663","https://openalex.org/W2153703864","https://openalex.org/W2155216078","https://openalex.org/W2155441883","https://openalex.org/W2156394393","https://openalex.org/W2156559274","https://openalex.org/W2163639538","https://openalex.org/W2164976842","https://openalex.org/W2167060703","https://openalex.org/W2169879639","https://openalex.org/W2395085828","https://openalex.org/W2735620790","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W6684196295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1859326399","https://openalex.org/W2085650940","https://openalex.org/W1966127473","https://openalex.org/W2169836118","https://openalex.org/W2081991953","https://openalex.org/W1974781192","https://openalex.org/W1992458659","https://openalex.org/W2130961106","https://openalex.org/W2414325864","https://openalex.org/W2025729332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Although":[1],"some":[2],"observational":[3],"studies":[4],"have":[5],"associated":[6,133,262,303],"higher":[7,12,241,248],"calcium":[8,57,138],"intake":[9,15,229,320],"and":[10,16,86,115,148,160,231,239,247,274,282,321],"especially":[11],"vitamin":[13,62,140,150,227,283,318],"D":[14,18,102,145,151,220,228,258,284,299,319,323],"25-hydroxyvitamin":[17,101,144,219,257,298,322],"levels":[19,103,147,221,259,300,324],"with":[20,58,134,139,225,244,263,304,325],"lower":[21,245],"breast":[22,87,93,131,161,176,213,264,290,306,326],"cancer":[23,94,132,162,177,214,265,291,307,327],"risk,":[24],"no":[25,206],"randomized":[26],"trial":[27,48],"has":[28],"evaluated":[29,165],"these":[30],"relationships.":[31],"METHODS:":[32],"Postmenopausal":[33],"women":[34,243],"(N":[35],"=":[36,192,197,234,278],"36":[37],"282)":[38],"who":[39],"were":[40,49,89,104,164,172,222,240,260,270,301],"enrolled":[41],"in":[42,106,181,267,293],"a":[43,68,96,107,314],"Women's":[44],"Health":[45],"Initiative":[46],"clinical":[47],"randomly":[50],"assigned":[51],"to":[52,73,126,137,199],"1000":[53],"mg":[54],"of":[55,61,70,77,82,111,130,208],"elemental":[56],"400":[59],"IU":[60],"D(3)":[63],"daily":[64],"or":[65],"placebo":[66],"for":[67,272],"mean":[69],"7.0":[71],"years":[72],"determine":[74],"the":[75,128,182,202],"effects":[76],"supplement":[78,186,209],"use":[79],"on":[80,212],"incidence":[81,178,292],"hip":[83],"fracture.":[84],"Mammograms":[85],"exams":[88],"serially":[90],"conducted.":[91],"Invasive":[92,175],"was":[95,124,179,216],"secondary":[97],"outcome.":[98],"Baseline":[99,218,256],"serum":[100,146],"assessed":[105],"nested":[108,203],"case-control":[109,204],"study":[110],"1067":[112,116],"case":[113],"patients":[114],"control":[117],"subjects.":[118],"A":[119],"Cox":[120],"proportional":[121],"hazards":[122],"model":[123],"used":[125],"estimate":[127],"risk":[129,215,266],"random":[135],"assignment":[136,211],"D(3).":[141],"Associations":[142],"between":[143,316],"total":[149,226,317],"intake,":[152],"body":[153],"mass":[154],"index":[155],"(BMI),":[156],"recreational":[157,249],"physical":[158,250,275],"activity,":[159],"risks":[163],"using":[166],"logistic":[167],"regression":[168],"models.":[169],"Statistical":[170],"tests":[171],"two-sided.":[173],"RESULTS:":[174],"similar":[180],"two":[183],"groups":[184],"(528":[185],"vs":[187],"546":[188],"placebo;":[189],"hazard":[190],"ratio":[191],"0.96;":[193],"95%":[194],"confidence":[195],"interval":[196],"0.85":[198],"1.09).":[200],"In":[201,296],"study,":[205],"effect":[207],"group":[210],"seen.":[217],"modestly":[223],"correlated":[224],"(diet":[230],"supplements)":[232],"(r":[233],"0.19,":[235],"P":[236,253],"<":[237,254],".001)":[238],"among":[242],"BMI":[246,273],"activity":[251,276],"(both":[252],".001).":[255],"not":[261,287,302,312],"analyses":[268],"that":[269],"adjusted":[271],"(P(trend)":[277],".20).":[279],"CONCLUSIONS:":[280],"Calcium":[281],"supplementation":[285],"did":[286],"reduce":[288],"invasive":[289],"postmenopausal":[294],"women.":[295],"addition,":[297],"subsequent":[305],"risk.":[308,328],"These":[309],"findings":[310],"do":[311],"support":[313],"relationship":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":51}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}