{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162132002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800202","title":"The logic of testing Languages for Specific Purposes","display_name":"The logic of testing Languages for Specific Purposes","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162132002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800202","mag":"2162132002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/026553220101800202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10038439","display_name":"Language Testing","issn_l":"0265-5322","issn":["0265-5322","1477-0946"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Testing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110196818","display_name":"Alan Davies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh and Polytechnic University of Hong Kong,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh and Polytechnic University of Hong Kong,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110196818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.8372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98644439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"133","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6060000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.6060000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12542","display_name":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.2890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.03359999880194664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-for-specific-purposes","display_name":"language for specific purposes","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-varieties","display_name":"language varieties","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-registers","display_name":"register","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genre","display_name":"genre","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"psychometrics","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-based-instruction","display_name":"content-based instruction","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ielts","display_name":"IELTS","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-for-specific-purposes","display_name":"English for specific purposes","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-for-academic-purposes","display_name":"English for academic purposes","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-for-occupational-purposes","display_name":"English for Occupational Purposes","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7327078580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.66631019115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.587572455406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166007726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4536542","display_name":"Language assessment","level":2,"score":0.5191242098808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5079668164253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.503678023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4395354390144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.42876961827278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42707327008247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167055898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321249","display_name":"Applied linguistics","level":2,"score":0.4200447201728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4050901532173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3631160855293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3092506527900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16980844736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1356963813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12798795104026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/026553220101800202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10038439","display_name":"Language Testing","issn_l":"0265-5322","issn":["0265-5322","1477-0946"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Testing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1191/026553201678777040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1191/026553201678777040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1191/026553201678777040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10038439","display_name":"Language Testing","issn_l":"0265-5322","issn":["0265-5322","1477-0946"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Testing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24641036","https://openalex.org/W112847987","https://openalex.org/W410345529","https://openalex.org/W578939274","https://openalex.org/W595301499","https://openalex.org/W603842546","https://openalex.org/W1531132210","https://openalex.org/W1535536445","https://openalex.org/W1540525488","https://openalex.org/W1558254717","https://openalex.org/W1963679057","https://openalex.org/W1968720963","https://openalex.org/W1973845803","https://openalex.org/W1990981107","https://openalex.org/W1996250712","https://openalex.org/W1999203074","https://openalex.org/W2020225384","https://openalex.org/W2038703727","https://openalex.org/W2052530683","https://openalex.org/W2062484648","https://openalex.org/W2063092555","https://openalex.org/W2067099247","https://openalex.org/W2076187328","https://openalex.org/W2080902366","https://openalex.org/W2082806354","https://openalex.org/W2131090489","https://openalex.org/W2131922494","https://openalex.org/W2133830435","https://openalex.org/W2137142212","https://openalex.org/W2156128336","https://openalex.org/W2170640299","https://openalex.org/W2321621029","https://openalex.org/W2334621995","https://openalex.org/W2497253347","https://openalex.org/W2611182843","https://openalex.org/W2936230102","https://openalex.org/W3203739761","https://openalex.org/W4238869775","https://openalex.org/W4252631100","https://openalex.org/W4255660232","https://openalex.org/W4256317424","https://openalex.org/W4301962337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556359156","https://openalex.org/W4297923178","https://openalex.org/W4404609772","https://openalex.org/W2339239021","https://openalex.org/W2077354581","https://openalex.org/W1492958473","https://openalex.org/W2754380542","https://openalex.org/W1499535110","https://openalex.org/W7217594948","https://openalex.org/W3014533362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,166],"Languages":[1],"for":[2,61,64,68,72,100],"Specific":[3],"Purposes":[4],"(LSP)":[5],"project":[6,49],"is":[7,93,123],"not":[8,188],"new.":[9],"It":[10],"may":[11],"have":[12,131,260],"dramatically":[13],"extended":[14],"its":[15],"scope":[16],"in":[17,25,117,236],"the":[18,23,38,48,73,80,119,135,156,170,192,247,257],"last":[19],"30":[20],"years":[21],"through":[22],"expansion":[24],"numbers":[26],"of":[27,40,78,82,104,121,128,138,151,162,172,194,218,225,238,249,261],"students":[28],"and":[29,42,70,153,155,190,241,267,274],"trainees":[30],"seeking":[31],"admission":[32],"to":[33,148,200,222],"English":[34],"medium":[35],"courses,":[36],"encouraging":[37],"diversification":[39],"ESP/EAP":[41],"EOP":[43],"provision":[44],"(Douglas,":[45],"2000),":[46],"but":[47,76,185],"has":[50,182,198],"a":[51,94,101,243],"longer":[52],"history.":[53],"This":[54,109],"includes":[55],"earlier":[56],"programmes":[57],"-":[58,75,180,189],"such":[59,264],"as,":[60],"example,":[62],"German":[63],"chemists,":[65],"phrase":[66],"books":[67],"travellers":[69],"Latin":[71],"religious":[74],"also,":[77],"course,":[79],"pidginization":[81],"contact":[83],"languages,":[84],"representing":[85],"an":[86,176],"informal":[87],"LSP.":[88],"What":[89],"formal":[90],"LSP":[91,220,231],"represents":[92],"contract":[95],"issued":[96],"by":[97],"group":[98,105],"A":[99],"designated":[102],"share":[103],"B\u2019s":[106],"language":[107,164,196],"resource.":[108],"article":[110,167],"discusses":[111],"how":[112],"far":[113],"this":[114,216],"practical":[115,239],"activity,":[116],"particular":[118],"testing":[120,232],"LSP,":[122],"theoretically":[124],"sound.":[125],"Two":[126],"types":[127],"theoretical":[129,183,273],"justification":[130,245],"been":[132],"appealed":[133],"to,":[134],"linguistic":[136],"principle":[137,161,171,193],"\u2018-lect\u2019":[139],"(thus":[140],"dialect,":[141],"sociolect,":[142],"variety,":[143],"register,":[144],"genre),":[145],"itself":[146],"appealing":[147],"sociological":[149],"views":[150],"role":[152],"status;":[154],"educational":[157],"(here":[158],"primarily":[159],"psychometric)":[160],"distinct":[163,195],"abilities.":[165],"argues":[168],"that":[169,191],"lect":[173],"operates":[174],"at":[175],"ideal,":[177],"abstract":[178],"level":[179],"variety":[181],"status":[184],"varieties":[186],"do":[187,201],"abilities":[197],"more":[199],"with":[202,205],"content":[203,208,226],"than":[204],"language.":[206],"Furthermore,":[207],"areas":[209],"are":[210],"neither":[211],"discrete":[212],"nor":[213],"homogeneous.":[214],"From":[215],"point":[217],"view,":[219],"reduces":[221],"institutional":[223],"definition":[224],"instruction":[227],"(Fulcher,":[228],"1999).":[229],"While":[230],"can":[233],"be":[234],"justified":[235],"terms":[237],"need,":[240],"given":[242],"pragmatic":[244],"on":[246],"grounds":[248],"what":[250],"William":[251],"James":[252],"termed":[253],"critical":[254],"common":[255],"sense,":[256],"evidence":[258],"we":[259],"operational":[262],"tests":[263],"as":[265],"ELTS":[266],"IELTS":[268],"raises":[269],"serious":[270],"questions,":[271],"both":[272],"practical.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}