{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162116748","doi":null,"title":"A model of bankruptcy prediction","display_name":"A model of bankruptcy prediction","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162116748","mag":"2162116748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/2498716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2498716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"46","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2498716","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039056846","display_name":"Eivind Bernhardsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eivind Bernhardsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039056846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bankruptcy-prediction","display_name":"bankruptcy prediction","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-ratios","display_name":"financial ratios","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logit-model","display_name":"logit model","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probit-analysis","display_name":"probit model","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insolvency","display_name":"insolvency","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-risk","display_name":"credit risk","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norwegian-banking-sector","display_name":"Norwegian banking sector","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misclassification","display_name":"misclassification","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-form-specification","display_name":"functional form specification","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504631918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152074","display_name":"Bankruptcy","level":2,"score":0.8266701102256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6521916389465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4163816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757382","display_name":"Insolvency","level":2,"score":0.6194928288459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.581440269947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664594","display_name":"Bankruptcy prediction","level":3,"score":0.5365246534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.46163392066955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4392744302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4301798343658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.42466944456100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30405157804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2847641706466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1700621247291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/2498716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2498716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"46","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:norges-bank.brage.unit.no:11250/2498716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2498716","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2498716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"46","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/209799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/209799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/17219","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/17219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"mag:2162116748","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/10852/17219/1/oppgaven.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604785","display_name":"46","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"other"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"46","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/2498716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2498716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"46","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W290587569","https://openalex.org/W1538210498","https://openalex.org/W1964306383","https://openalex.org/W1995503011","https://openalex.org/W2000578291","https://openalex.org/W2020848494","https://openalex.org/W2048801439","https://openalex.org/W2068184470","https://openalex.org/W2098910318","https://openalex.org/W2116213963","https://openalex.org/W2116877194","https://openalex.org/W2124532504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7112624804","https://openalex.org/W7005166607","https://openalex.org/W2060728589","https://openalex.org/W2106030131","https://openalex.org/W3217259781","https://openalex.org/W2905417634","https://openalex.org/W3151799451","https://openalex.org/W7134152927","https://openalex.org/W7054963156","https://openalex.org/W7033109404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,14,234,468],"this":[1,137,140,368,466],"thesis,":[2],"a":[3,28,61,130,211,227,245,278,305,321,417,486,531,544],"model":[4,100,180,241,253,306,323,361,373,390,452,471,487],"of":[5,23,30,37,42,47,69,84,167,187,192,209,214,250,259,271,277,303,324,332,337,344,352,388,407,419,424,434,458,488,497,505,527],"bankruptcy":[6,98,333,345,408,489],"prediction":[7,99,418,490],"conditional":[8,358],"on":[9,63,206,231,313,359,385,540],"financial":[10,17,87,125,297],"statements":[11],"is":[12,33,72,127,217,261,316,354,374,383,429,447,453,533],"presented.":[13],"addition":[15],"to":[16,77,153,161,199,220,242,320,391,415,455,493,523,536,546],"ratios":[18,88,126,298],"which":[19,106,308],"captures":[20],"the":[21,40,43,45,48,64,67,82,97,103,120,148,168,172,179,190,207,215,239,251,274,283,293,300,326,330,335,341,350,360,386,389,393,400,412,439,444,459,470,476,495,502,506,528,555],"aspects":[22,150,170],"liquidity,":[24],"solidity":[25],"and":[26,50,299,334,376],"profitability":[27],"list":[29],"supplementary":[31],"variables":[32,108,158,173],"introduced.":[34],"The":[35,91,263,372,450],"number":[36],"years":[38,445],"since":[39],"establishment":[41],"firm,":[44],"size":[46],"firm":[49,216],"several":[51],"industry":[52],"characteristics":[53],"are":[54,89,151,159,174,379,409],"found":[55,454],"useful":[56],"predictors.":[57],"\\n\\nApart":[58],"from":[59,286],"giving":[60,210],"discussion":[62],"suggested":[65],"variables,":[66],"choice":[68],"functional":[70],"form":[71],"discussed:":[73,90],"First,":[74],"with":[75,411,475],"reference":[76,319,522],"Laitinen":[78,80],"&":[79],"(2000),":[81],"rate":[83,104],"compensation":[85,194,260],"between":[86,296,329],"specification":[92,249,264,327],"most":[93],"commonly":[94,510],"applied":[95],"for":[96,132,184,256,367,399,438],"imply":[101],"that":[102,254,266,480,550],"at":[105,176,267],"two":[107],"can":[109,346,364,551],"substitute":[110,131],"another":[111],"holding":[112],"predicted":[113,342],"risk":[114,398],"unchanged":[115],"will":[116,195,511,518],"be":[117,144,154,162,223,347,365,512,519,552],"constant.":[118],"If":[119],"aspect":[121,135],"captured":[122],"by":[123,226,291],"single":[124,228],"considered":[128],"less":[129,163],"any":[133,268],"other":[134],"as":[136,165,171,282,340,370,501,543],"ratio":[138,229],"grows,":[139],"restriction":[141],"may":[142,280],"not":[143,218,355],"appropriate.":[145],"Even":[146],"if":[147,157],"different":[149,169],"believed":[152],"constant":[155,193],"substitutes;":[156],"suspected":[160],"relevant":[164,507],"measures":[166],"measured":[175],"''extreme''":[177],"values,":[178],"should":[181,491],"still":[182],"allow":[183],"flexible":[185,257],"rates":[186,258],"compensation.":[188],"Specifically,":[189],"structure":[191,307],"make":[196],"predictions":[197],"sensitive":[198],"non-credible":[200],"outliers.":[201],"A":[202,248,432],"business":[203],"analyst":[204],"put":[205],"task":[208],"subjective":[212],"evaluation":[213,382],"likely":[219],"let":[221],"judgements":[222],"severely":[224],"affected":[225],"taking":[230],"odd":[232],"values.":[233,426],"general":[235],"we":[236],"would":[237],"like":[238],"statistical":[240],"behave":[243],"in":[244,396,422,461,465,483,554],"similar":[246],"manner.":[247],"logit":[252],"allows":[255],"motivated.":[262],"suggests":[265],"given":[269,384,534],"level":[270],"probability":[272,314,331,336],"estimates,":[273],"marginal":[275],"effect":[276,496],"variable":[279,284],"decline":[281],"deviates":[285],"some":[287],"critical":[288],"value.":[289],"\\n\\nSecond,":[290],"questioning":[292],"direct":[294],"connections":[295],"particular":[301],"outcome":[302],"bankruptcy,":[304],"determine":[309],"an":[310,524],"upper":[311],"bound":[312],"estimates":[315],"explored.":[317],"By":[318],"simple":[322],"misclassification,":[325],"distinguishes":[328],"insolvency.":[338],"Where":[339],"probabilities":[343,363,406],"evaluated":[348],"empirically,":[349],"event":[351,369],"insolvency":[353],"observable.":[356],"Nevertheless;":[357],"structure,":[362],"derived":[366],"well.":[371],"estimated":[375],"estimation":[377],"results":[378],"discussed.":[380],"\\n\\nAn":[381],"ability":[387],"measure":[392,428],"over-all":[394],"development":[395],"credit":[397],"Norwegian":[401,440],"limited":[402],"liability":[403],"sector.":[404],"Individual":[405],"multiplied":[410],"firm\u2019s":[413],"debt":[414],"generate":[416],"expected":[420],"loss":[421],"absence":[423],"recovered":[425],"This":[427],"then":[430,448],"aggregated.":[431],"regression":[433],"total":[435,462],"loan":[436,463,478],"losses":[437,464,479],"banking":[441],"sector":[442],"over":[443],"1989-2000":[446],"conducted.":[449],"fitted":[451],"explain":[456],"80%":[457],"variation":[460],"period.":[467],"particular,":[469],"does":[472],"fit":[473],"well":[474],"massive":[477],"were":[481],"recorded":[482],"1991.":[484],"\\n\\nPreferably,":[485],"seek":[492],"capture":[494],"macro":[498,548],"variables.":[499],"However,":[500],"time":[503,515],"dimension":[504],"panel":[508],"data":[509,542],"limited,":[513],"identifying":[514],"specific":[516],"effects":[517,539],"difficult.":[520],"With":[521],"aggregation":[525],"property":[526],"probit":[529],"model,":[530],"suggestion":[532],"how":[535],"estimate":[537],"time-specific":[538],"aggregate":[541],"means":[545],"identify":[547],"coefficients":[549],"included":[553],"micro-level":[556],"model.":[557]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}