{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162052091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","title":"Polymorphism across an exon-intron boundary in an avian Mhc class II B gene","display_name":"Polymorphism across an exon-intron boundary in an avian Mhc class II B gene","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162052091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","mag":"2162052091","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10555291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/16/11/1599/9592259/mbe1599.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/16/11/1599/9592259/mbe1599.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056852066","display_name":"Daniel Garrigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-6788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-6788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Garrigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Washington, USA. garrigan@asu.edu","Department of Zoology, University of Washington","partment of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Washington, USA. garrigan@asu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"partment of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040485140","display_name":"Scott V. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-6217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-6217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. V. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Washington, USA","Department of Zoology, University of Washington","partment of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"partment of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056852066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":3418,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3418},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79226808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1599","last_page":"1606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exon-intron-boundaries","display_name":"exon-intron boundaries","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-winged-blackbird","display_name":"red-winged blackbird","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balancing-selection","display_name":"balancing selection","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-selection","display_name":"directional selection","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recombination","display_name":"recombination","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-conversion","display_name":"gene conversion","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genealogy","display_name":"genealogy","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhc-polymorphism","display_name":"MHC polymorphism","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94671646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207551","display_name":"Intron","level":3,"score":0.8925611972808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36823959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373027","display_name":"Exon","level":3,"score":0.8856823444366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8594980835914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.7573990821838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137848329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804635","display_name":"Balancing selection","level":4,"score":0.5955660343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190017056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420611","display_name":"Exon shuffling","level":5,"score":0.5760999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39917842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384125","display_name":"Exon trapping","level":5,"score":0.4901627004146576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4653744399547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112212490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471134","display_name":"Gene conversion","level":4,"score":0.4464353322982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.4273771047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.41186007857322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156446351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7682435","display_name":"Tandem exon duplication","level":4,"score":0.2906549572944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194583182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21114084","display_name":"Alternative splicing","level":4,"score":0.1020568311214447}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003001","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005091","descriptor_name":"Exons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005802","descriptor_name":"Genes, MHC Class II","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007438","descriptor_name":"Introns","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016013","descriptor_name":"Likelihood Functions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/16/11/1599/9592259/mbe1599.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10555291","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10555291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular biology and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026072","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/16/11/1599/9592259/mbe1599.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5756745583","display_name":"Evolution of a Multigene Family: Mhc Class II Genes in Birds","funder_award_id":"9707548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G789678977","display_name":"Polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes in   Red-winged Blackbirds: Behavioral and Parasitological       Correlates","funder_award_id":"9419738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162052091.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162052091.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56645045","https://openalex.org/W1525734744","https://openalex.org/W1806197582","https://openalex.org/W1823694705","https://openalex.org/W1907806866","https://openalex.org/W1971629362","https://openalex.org/W1972630435","https://openalex.org/W2011309634","https://openalex.org/W2011424898","https://openalex.org/W2014094060","https://openalex.org/W2014569071","https://openalex.org/W2016114278","https://openalex.org/W2016420601","https://openalex.org/W2025527456","https://openalex.org/W2030582393","https://openalex.org/W2035966805","https://openalex.org/W2037667459","https://openalex.org/W2041842205","https://openalex.org/W2042789248","https://openalex.org/W2051614923","https://openalex.org/W2053422385","https://openalex.org/W2057696562","https://openalex.org/W2080956086","https://openalex.org/W2082967637","https://openalex.org/W2084096153","https://openalex.org/W2094393226","https://openalex.org/W2135818404","https://openalex.org/W2141651819","https://openalex.org/W2144386534","https://openalex.org/W2157394513","https://openalex.org/W2162168100","https://openalex.org/W2169240313","https://openalex.org/W2171207150","https://openalex.org/W2208088588","https://openalex.org/W2256369015","https://openalex.org/W4233359534","https://openalex.org/W4252811016","https://openalex.org/W4256073354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009098553","https://openalex.org/W1998872585","https://openalex.org/W1972630435","https://openalex.org/W1565840846","https://openalex.org/W2043531111","https://openalex.org/W2284227366","https://openalex.org/W2011309634","https://openalex.org/W124165280","https://openalex.org/W2129101241","https://openalex.org/W2110114787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twenty-three":[0],"sequence":[1,194],"haplotypes":[2],"spanning":[3],"the":[4,7,27,50,62,71,85,94,125,147,150,160,174,182,185,196],"boundary":[5,176],"of":[6,12,26,49,61,93,102,107,128,162,198,200],"second":[8],"exon":[9,28,51,86,148,189,201],"and":[10,67,149,202],"intron":[11,63,97,151,163,193,203],"a":[13,81,100,112,118],"red-winged":[14],"blackbird":[15],"Mhc":[16],"class":[17],"II":[18],"B":[19],"gene,":[20],"Agph-DAB1,":[21],"are":[22],"presented.":[23],"The":[24,45,96,141],"polymorphism":[25,103],"segment":[29],"is":[30,55,88,105,152],"distributed":[31],"in":[32,84],"two":[33,130],"divergent":[34,188],"allelic":[35],"lineages":[36],"which":[37,104],"appear":[38],"to":[39,117,158,177],"be":[40],"maintained":[41],"by":[42,136,206],"balancing":[43],"selection.":[44],"silent":[46],"nucleotide":[47],"diversity":[48],"(pi":[52,64],"=":[53,65,156],"0.101)":[54],"more":[56],"than":[57,111],"five":[58],"times":[59,91],"that":[60,78,92,124,168,187],"0.018)":[66],"decays":[68],"rapidly":[69],"across":[70],"exon-intron":[72,175],"boundary.":[73],"Additionally,":[74,184],"genealogical":[75],"reconstruction":[76],"indicates":[77],"divergence":[79],"from":[80,115,173],"common":[82],"ancestor":[83],"sample":[87],"over":[89],"four":[90],"intron.":[95,183],"sequences":[98],"reveal":[99],"pattern":[101,113],"characteristic":[106],"directional":[108],"selection,":[109],"rather":[110],"expected":[114],"linkage":[116],"balanced":[119],"polymorphism.":[120],"These":[121],"results":[122],"suggest":[123],"evolutionary":[126,204],"histories":[127,205],"these":[129,169],"adjacent":[131],"regions":[132],"have":[133],"been":[134],"disassociated":[135],"recombination":[137,144],"or":[138],"gene":[139],"conversion.":[140],"estimated":[142],"population":[143],"parameter":[145],"between":[146],"sufficiently":[153],"high":[154],"(4NeC":[155],"8.545)":[157],"explain":[159],"homogenization":[161],"sequences.":[164],"Compatibility":[165],"analyses":[166],"estimate":[167],"events":[170],"primarily":[171],"occur":[172],"about":[178],"20-30":[179],"bases":[180],"into":[181],"observation":[186],"alleles":[190],"share":[191],"identical":[192],"supports":[195],"conclusion":[197],"disassociation":[199],"recombination.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
