{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162011439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr051","title":"Processing Orthographic Structure: Associations Between Print and Fingerspelling","display_name":"Processing Orthographic Structure: Associations Between Print and Fingerspelling","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162011439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr051","mag":"2162011439","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22170294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/deafed/enr051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75150585","display_name":"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","issn_l":"1081-4159","issn":["1081-4159","1465-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015753322","display_name":"Karen D. Emmorey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-0066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-0066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Emmorey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA. kemmorey@mail.sdsu.edu","San Diego State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA. kemmorey@mail.sdsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036353108","display_name":"Jennifer A.F. Petrich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. F. Petrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State University Research Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University Research Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015753322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"],"apc_list":{"value":4363,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4363},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93858368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"194","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerspelling","display_name":"fingerspelling","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syllabification","display_name":"syllabification","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-sign-language","display_name":"American Sign Language","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deaf-readers","display_name":"deaf readers","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/print-reading","display_name":"print reading","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-decision-task","display_name":"lexical decision","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-development","display_name":"vocabulary development","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouthing","display_name":"mouthing","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109089402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8188","display_name":"Syllable","level":2,"score":0.6825017929077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6633120775222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6508158445358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6107704639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.5671218037605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5019612312316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4795641303062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.45935511589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.4332195818424225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.42214447259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.4153200387954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.40994125604629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27760666608810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24534115195274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012932","descriptor_name":"Social Facilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012932","descriptor_name":"Social Facilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012932","descriptor_name":"Social Facilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014956","descriptor_name":"Writing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014956","descriptor_name":"Writing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014956","descriptor_name":"Writing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/deafed/enr051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75150585","display_name":"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","issn_l":"1081-4159","issn":["1081-4159","1465-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22170294","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22170294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of deaf studies and deaf education","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8799999952316284}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G360267400","display_name":"Collaborative Research:   Science of Learning Center:   Visual Language and Visual Learning (VL2)","funder_award_id":"0541953","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8588426839","display_name":"Processing Orthographic Structure:  Associations between Print and Fingerspelling","funder_award_id":"0823576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309507","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186931087","https://openalex.org/W625100139","https://openalex.org/W1533067513","https://openalex.org/W1559751073","https://openalex.org/W1565493783","https://openalex.org/W1567081551","https://openalex.org/W1591242602","https://openalex.org/W1594148083","https://openalex.org/W1602553459","https://openalex.org/W1983538904","https://openalex.org/W1989935492","https://openalex.org/W1991080530","https://openalex.org/W1991309602","https://openalex.org/W1992134306","https://openalex.org/W1998649609","https://openalex.org/W2004806235","https://openalex.org/W2006964957","https://openalex.org/W2015114409","https://openalex.org/W2024857096","https://openalex.org/W2026446322","https://openalex.org/W2037693308","https://openalex.org/W2049521441","https://openalex.org/W2055326827","https://openalex.org/W2061640302","https://openalex.org/W2074797086","https://openalex.org/W2081063540","https://openalex.org/W2090495627","https://openalex.org/W2094136676","https://openalex.org/W2094193303","https://openalex.org/W2094751398","https://openalex.org/W2129173814","https://openalex.org/W2130776005","https://openalex.org/W2138102878","https://openalex.org/W2142638134","https://openalex.org/W2155716141","https://openalex.org/W2158529126","https://openalex.org/W2158561605","https://openalex.org/W2164770604","https://openalex.org/W2165656470","https://openalex.org/W2499301153","https://openalex.org/W2990752825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095571408","https://openalex.org/W2142638134","https://openalex.org/W7070483969","https://openalex.org/W2188358043","https://openalex.org/W7100224580","https://openalex.org/W7098156201","https://openalex.org/W7160644479","https://openalex.org/W4403595627","https://openalex.org/W2545014359","https://openalex.org/W7161397235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"lexical":[1],"decision":[2],"experiments":[3],"are":[4,13],"reported":[5],"that":[6,30,65,111,114,145,166,180],"investigate":[7],"whether":[8],"the":[9,82,105,146,185],"same":[10],"segmentation":[11,77,161],"strategies":[12],"used":[14],"for":[15,124,152],"reading":[16,135],"printed":[17],"English":[18,112,178,190],"words":[19,22,40,101,118],"and":[20,33,137,150,170,179,187],"fingerspelled":[21,100,117,125],"(in":[23],"American":[24],"Sign":[25],"Language).":[26],"Experiment":[27,89,91],"1":[28],"revealed":[29,64,93],"both":[31,167],"deaf":[32,67,97,154],"hearing":[34,84],"readers":[35,68,155,169],"performed":[36],"better":[37,66,83,94],"when":[38,99],"written":[39],"were":[41,69,102],"segmented":[42,103],"with":[43,57,134],"respect":[44],"to":[45,72,88],"an":[46],"orthographically":[47],"defined":[48,60],"syllable":[49,74,107],"(the":[50],"Basic":[51],"Orthographic":[52],"Syllable":[53],"Structure":[54],"[BOSS])":[55],"than":[56],"a":[58,120],"phonologically":[59],"syllable.":[61],"Correlation":[62],"analyses":[63],"more":[70],"sensitive":[71],"orthographic":[73],"representations,":[75],"whereas":[76],"strategy":[78],"did":[79],"not":[80,157],"differentiate":[81],"readers.":[85],"In":[86,127],"contrast":[87],"1,":[90],"2":[92],"performance":[95],"by":[96],"participants":[98],"at":[104],"phonological":[106,121],"boundary.":[108],"We":[109],"suggest":[110,165],"mouthings":[113],"often":[115],"accompany":[116],"promote":[119],"parsing":[122],"preference":[123],"words.":[126],"addition,":[128],"fingerspelling":[129,149,181],"ability":[130],"was":[131],"significantly":[132],"correlated":[133],"comprehension":[136],"vocabulary":[138],"skills.":[139],"This":[140],"pattern":[141],"of":[142,177,189],"results":[143],"indicates":[144],"association":[147],"between":[148],"print":[151],"adult":[153],"is":[156],"based":[158],"on":[159],"shared":[160],"strategies.":[162],"Rather,":[163],"we":[164],"good":[168,171],"fingerspellers":[172],"have":[173],"established":[174],"strong":[175],"representations":[176],"may":[182],"aid":[183],"in":[184],"development":[186],"maintenance":[188],"vocabulary.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
