{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161907702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","title":"Reinterpreting Disability: Changes in Supplemental Security Income for Children","display_name":"Reinterpreting Disability: Changes in Supplemental Security Income for Children","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161907702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","mag":"2161907702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1844354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77494981","display_name":"PEDIATRICS","issn_l":"0031-4005","issn":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054195478","display_name":"James M. Perrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-3708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-3708"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800364127","display_name":"Jacobi Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcfns23","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800364127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Perrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, Bronx, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, Bronx, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I2800364127","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013296740","display_name":"Ruth E. K. Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-6984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-6984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800364127","display_name":"Jacobi Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcfns23","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800364127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth E. K. Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, Bronx, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, Bronx, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I2800364127","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95818601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"5","first_page":"1047","last_page":"1051"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.7407000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.7407000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.09139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplemental-security-income","display_name":"Supplemental Security Income","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-with-disabilities","display_name":"children with disabilities","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security-administration","display_name":"Social Security Administration","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-discrimination","display_name":"disability discrimination","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicaid-eligibility","display_name":"Medicaid eligibility","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-care","display_name":"pediatric care","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776592576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7550813","display_name":"Social Security Act","level":3,"score":0.7717045545578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7389322519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.7309978008270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776534028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363","display_name":"Medicaid","level":3,"score":0.7140219807624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118291","display_name":"Disability insurance","level":3,"score":0.5825100541114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779183276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281188","display_name":"Disability benefits","level":3,"score":0.5539919137954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.523322343826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.5153826475143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4533237814903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.4150845408439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77782346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5517280","display_name":"Gainful employment","level":5,"score":0.41355234384536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3785892128944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3278973698616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2668549418449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.24469426274299622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1531321406364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1445998251438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11790090799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150706916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206702","display_name":"Job attitude","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000385","descriptor_name":"Aid to Families with Dependent Children","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004185","descriptor_name":"Disability Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004608","descriptor_name":"Eligibility Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008484","descriptor_name":"Medicaid","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012943","descriptor_name":"Social Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.5.1047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77494981","display_name":"PEDIATRICS","issn_l":"0031-4005","issn":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1844354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1844354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.47620001435279846}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162702987","https://openalex.org/W1999986702","https://openalex.org/W4239667731","https://openalex.org/W258423531","https://openalex.org/W2324540686","https://openalex.org/W2091794182","https://openalex.org/W2257115356","https://openalex.org/W2128286925","https://openalex.org/W2186023165","https://openalex.org/W7095276156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"February":[1],"20,":[2],"1990,":[3],"in":[4,83,128,161,195,212,275],"Sullivan":[5],"v":[6],"Zebley,":[7],"the":[8,12,17,39,43,66,72,98,120,123,136,154,213,217,227,252,279],"Supreme":[9],"Court":[10,94],"of":[11,25,74,119,135,141,153,181,205,216,255,281],"United":[13],"States":[14],"struck":[15],"down":[16],"Social":[18,99,155],"Security":[19,31,100,150,156],"Administration's":[20],"criteria":[21],"for":[22,29,42,61,71,111,126,267,269,273],"determining":[23],"eligibility":[24,266],"children":[26,49,127,173],"with":[27],"disabilities":[28],"Supplemental":[30,149],"Income":[32,151],"(SSI).":[33],"This":[34,63],"dramatic":[35],"decision":[36,64],"held":[37],"that":[38,97,104,188,210],"existing":[40],"regulations":[41],"program":[44,81,241,249],"discriminated":[45],"against":[46],"children,":[47],"because":[48],"were":[50],"required":[51],"to":[52,76,86,167,250],"meet":[53],"a":[54,77,185,206,246],"stricter":[55],"standard":[56],"than":[57,178],"adults":[58],"who":[59,183,271],"applied":[60],"SSI.":[62],"overturned":[65],"current":[67],"rules":[68],"and":[69,108,122,139,174,192,258,278],"procedures":[70],"determination":[73],"access":[75,110],"major":[78,190],"federal":[79],"benefits":[80,88,202,234],"and,":[82],"most":[84],"states,":[85],"additional":[87],"through":[89],"assured":[90],"Medicaid":[91,268],"eligibility.":[92],"The":[93,148,239],"also":[95,230,263],"mandated":[96],"Administration":[101],"make":[102],"changes":[103],"will":[105],"significantly":[106],"alter":[107],"liberalize":[109],"children.":[112],"Because":[113],"many":[114],"pediatricians":[115],"may":[116,199,231],"be":[117],"unaware":[118],"issues":[121],"potential":[124],"advantages":[125],"their":[129],"care,":[130],"we":[131],"summarize":[132],"below":[133],"some":[134],"pertinent":[137],"background":[138],"implications":[140],"this":[142],"landmark":[143],"decision.":[144],"BACKGROUND":[145],"AND":[146],"DESCRIPTION":[147],"Program":[152],"Administration,":[157],"enacted":[158],"by":[159],"Congress":[160],"1972,":[162],"provides":[163],"an":[164],"income":[165,169],"supplement":[166],"lower":[168],"disabled":[170,259],"Americans,":[171],"both":[172],"adults.":[175],"Persons":[176],"older":[177],"18":[179],"years":[180],"age":[182],"have":[184],"health":[186],"problem":[187],"causes":[189],"disability":[191,221],"prevents":[193],"participation":[194],"substantial":[196],"gainful":[197],"activity":[198],"receive":[200,232],"cash":[201,233],"as":[203,245],"part":[204],"social":[207,247],"policy":[208],"effort":[209],"began":[211],"Roosevelt":[214],"era":[215],"1930s,":[218],"although":[219],"specific":[220],"programs":[222],"did":[223],"not":[224],"begin":[225],"until":[226],"1960s.":[228],"Children":[229],"under":[235],"certain":[236],"similar":[237],"conditions.":[238],"SSI":[240,274],"was":[242],"designed":[243],"primarily":[244],"benefit":[248],"improve":[251],"financial":[253],"standing":[254],"aged,":[256],"blind,":[257],"individuals,":[260],"but":[261],"it":[262],"brings":[264],"automatic":[265],"individuals":[270],"qualify":[272],"31":[276],"states":[277],"District":[280],"Columbia.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}