{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161722901","doi":null,"title":"Impact Fees and Housing Affordability","display_name":"Impact Fees and Housing Affordability","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161722901","mag":"2161722901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2161722901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://furmancenter.org/files/impact_fees_cityscapes.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010345222","display_name":"Vicki Been","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vicki Been","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010345222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97222098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-fees","display_name":"impact fees","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-affordability","display_name":"housing affordability","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-financing","display_name":"infrastructure financing","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-regulation","display_name":"land use regulation","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-prices","display_name":"housing prices","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-prices","display_name":"land prices","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-supply","display_name":"housing supply","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-income-households","display_name":"moderate-income households","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-minorities","display_name":"racial and ethnic minorities","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-discrimination","display_name":"housing discrimination","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5600085258483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.49672847986221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49280431866645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.42799827456474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.41105592250823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3401980400085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10399201512336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2161722901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://furmancenter.org/files/impact_fees_cityscapes.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41362614","https://openalex.org/W60369146","https://openalex.org/W108811424","https://openalex.org/W115125121","https://openalex.org/W257632306","https://openalex.org/W322503394","https://openalex.org/W332889868","https://openalex.org/W562841765","https://openalex.org/W575816823","https://openalex.org/W588877558","https://openalex.org/W627301731","https://openalex.org/W640601694","https://openalex.org/W642674295","https://openalex.org/W646749861","https://openalex.org/W652865305","https://openalex.org/W656731169","https://openalex.org/W786780054","https://openalex.org/W1086107577","https://openalex.org/W1511865711","https://openalex.org/W1519270117","https://openalex.org/W1522944694","https://openalex.org/W1525738924","https://openalex.org/W1528650524","https://openalex.org/W1538104715","https://openalex.org/W1571419164","https://openalex.org/W1587417909","https://openalex.org/W1588099365","https://openalex.org/W1596893586","https://openalex.org/W1598391303","https://openalex.org/W1601839079","https://openalex.org/W1602122380","https://openalex.org/W1966667247","https://openalex.org/W1969129652","https://openalex.org/W1972467456","https://openalex.org/W1974566224","https://openalex.org/W1976101505","https://openalex.org/W1977055292","https://openalex.org/W1977956355","https://openalex.org/W1982478350","https://openalex.org/W1982639452","https://openalex.org/W1988147629","https://openalex.org/W2002120116","https://openalex.org/W2013339915","https://openalex.org/W2016432720","https://openalex.org/W2018614413","https://openalex.org/W2018813828","https://openalex.org/W2019035005","https://openalex.org/W2028018421","https://openalex.org/W2029510043","https://openalex.org/W2038190518","https://openalex.org/W2038717141","https://openalex.org/W2039264983","https://openalex.org/W2044170911","https://openalex.org/W2046185127","https://openalex.org/W2046884791","https://openalex.org/W2062029895","https://openalex.org/W2072171930","https://openalex.org/W2073284947","https://openalex.org/W2074126252","https://openalex.org/W2079547435","https://openalex.org/W2086853082","https://openalex.org/W2093781613","https://openalex.org/W2106332434","https://openalex.org/W2113654544","https://openalex.org/W2120248600","https://openalex.org/W2132708156","https://openalex.org/W2134350600","https://openalex.org/W2137827175","https://openalex.org/W2141552196","https://openalex.org/W2152681437","https://openalex.org/W2152972898","https://openalex.org/W2163214096","https://openalex.org/W2248547091","https://openalex.org/W2339740280","https://openalex.org/W2472366607","https://openalex.org/W2796493088","https://openalex.org/W2796578768","https://openalex.org/W2979785571","https://openalex.org/W3123112603","https://openalex.org/W3123631980","https://openalex.org/W3123908707","https://openalex.org/W3137767622","https://openalex.org/W3146613275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097678837","https://openalex.org/W4248333797","https://openalex.org/W2093781613","https://openalex.org/W7111500254","https://openalex.org/W2079547435","https://openalex.org/W2176963370","https://openalex.org/W569477157","https://openalex.org/W1588099365","https://openalex.org/W1547288568","https://openalex.org/W2163214096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximately":[0],"60":[1],"percent":[2],"of":[3,49,68,73,98,106,113,145,168,172,213,229,249,261,291,295,300,339,357,436,448,464,471],"U.S.":[4,462],"cities":[5],"with":[6,62,252],"more":[7,314],"than":[8],"25,000":[9],"residents":[10],"now":[11],"impose":[12,82],"impact":[13,40,91,114,134,156,178,223,235,243,262,286,318,332,350,428],"fees":[14,41,50,63,83,92,115,135,157,179,199,205,224,236,244,263,287,319,333,351],"to":[15,19,70,123,136,208,225,278,312,329,359,407,423],"fund":[16,137],"infrastructure":[17,169,230],"needed":[18],"service":[20],"new":[21,56],"housing":[22,340,358,375,385,441],"and":[23,116,159,170,175,196,210,231,297,302,361,380,395,426,451,466,474],"other":[24,89,396],"development":[25,125,438],"(GAO,":[26],"2000).":[27],"In":[28],"89":[29],"jurisdictions":[30,81],"selected":[31],"for":[32,221,324,341,373,417],"study":[33],"in":[34,38,55,58,88,101,165,184,368,391],"California,":[35],"the":[36,46,102,107,117,124,131,143,160,166,191,204,211,214,219,227,233,241,247,259,273,289,293,298,316,322,330,337,348,355,369,392,403,434],"state":[37],"which":[39],"are":[42,93,200,206],"most":[43],"heavily":[44],"used,":[45,202],"average":[47],"amount":[48,212],"imposed":[51],"on":[52,142,246,321,336,354],"singlefamily":[53],"homes":[54],"subdivisions":[57],"1999":[59],"was":[60],"$19,552,":[61],"ranging":[64],"from":[65],"a":[66,71],"low":[67],"$6,783":[69],"high":[72],"$47,742":[74],"(Landis":[75],"et":[76],"al.,":[77],"2001).":[78],"Although":[79],"California":[80],"higher\u2014perhaps":[84],"much":[85],"higher\u2014than":[86],"those":[87,409],"jurisdictions,":[90],"an":[94],"increasingly":[95],"important":[96],"cost":[97],"development,":[99],"especially":[100,378],"fastest":[103],"growing":[104],"areas":[105],"United":[108],"States.":[109],"The":[110,411],"increasing":[111],"use":[112],"costs":[118],"that":[119,276,431],"they":[120,162],"may":[121,334,352],"add":[122],"process":[126],"raises":[127],"serious":[128],"concerns":[129],"about":[130,194,255],"effect":[132,242,317,331,349],"using":[133,222],"infrastruc\u00ad":[138],"ture":[139],"will":[140,257,432],"have":[141,180,245,320,335,353,382],"affordability":[144,338,376,442],"housing.":[146,303,325],"This":[147,344],"article":[148,412],"explores":[149,176,232],"this":[150],"controversy.":[151],"Part":[152,187,216,238,269,304,326,399],"I":[153,188],"reviews":[154,218],"how":[155,195,285],"work":[158],"role":[161],"currently":[163],"play":[164],"provision":[167,228],"regulation":[171],"land":[173,301,437],"use,":[174],"why":[177],"gained":[181],"such":[182],"prominence":[183],"recent":[185],"years.":[186],"also":[189,346],"surveys":[190,272],"empirical":[192,274],"evidence":[193],"where":[197],"these":[198,280],"being":[201],"what":[203],"used":[207],"finance,":[209],"fees.":[215],"II":[217],"justifications":[220],"finance":[226],"dangers":[234],"pose.":[237],"IIIA":[239],"examines":[240],"price":[248,290,294],"housing,":[250,292,393],"beginning":[251],"economic":[253,281],"theory":[254],"who":[256],"bear":[258],"incidence":[260],"under":[264],"different":[265],"market":[266,323],"con\u00ad":[267,413],"ditions.":[268],"IIIB":[270],"then":[271],"literature":[275],"seeks":[277],"test":[279],"theories":[282],"by":[283,307,388,415],"quantifying":[284],"affect":[288],"land,":[296],"supply":[299],"IIIC":[305],"concludes":[306],"suggesting":[308],"further":[309],"research":[310,405,418],"required":[311],"identify":[313],"clearly":[315],"IV":[327,400],"turns":[328],"moderate-income":[342,371],"households.":[343],"part":[345],"addresses":[347],"availability":[356],"racial":[360,389],"ethnic":[362],"minorities.":[363],"Minorities":[364],"disproportion\u00ad":[365],"ately":[366],"fall":[367],"lowand":[370],"groups":[372],"whom":[374],"is":[377],"critical,":[379],"traditionally":[381],"had":[383],"their":[384],"opportunities":[386],"limited":[387],"discrimination":[390],"lending,":[394],"related":[397],"markets.":[398],"sug\u00ad":[401],"gests":[402],"additional":[404],"necessary":[406],"understand":[408],"issues.":[410],"cludes":[414],"calling":[416],"aimed":[419],"at":[420],"enabling":[421],"policymakers":[422],"adopt":[424],"sophisticated":[425],"careful":[427],"fee":[429],"programs":[430],"improve":[433],"efficiency":[435],"without":[439],"sacrificing":[440],"or":[443],"opportunity.":[444],"Cityscape:":[445],"A":[446],"Journal":[447],"Policy":[449,472],"Development":[450,468,473],"Research":[452,475],"\u2022":[453,458,469],"Volume":[454],"8,":[455],"Number":[456],"1":[457],"2005":[459],"Cityscape":[460],"139":[461],"Department":[463],"Housing":[465],"Urban":[467],"Office":[470]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}