{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161672009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000131","title":"Earnings and assimilation of female immigrants","display_name":"Earnings and assimilation of female immigrants","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161672009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000131","mag":"2161672009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036849100000131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036924480","display_name":"Elizabeth B. Field-Hendrey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111455621","display_name":"Queens College, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8adn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111455621"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Field-Hendrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   Department of Economics, Queens College and Graduate Center , City University of New York ,  Flushing ,  New York 11367 ,  USA","Department of Economics, Queens College and Graduate Center , City University of New York , Flushing , New York 11367 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   Department of Economics, Queens College and Graduate Center , City University of New York ,  Flushing ,  New York 11367 ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111455621","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Queens College and Graduate Center , City University of New York , Flushing , New York 11367 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111455621","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109226174","display_name":"Erol M. Balkan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188592606","display_name":"Hamilton College","ror":"https://ror.org/05709zb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erol Balkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["b   Department of Economics , Hamilton College ,  Clinton ,  New York 13323 ,  USA","Department of Economics , Hamilton College , Clinton , New York 13323 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b   Department of Economics , Hamilton College ,  Clinton ,  New York 13323 ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics , Hamilton College , Clinton , New York 13323 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87066533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"1665","last_page":"1672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-women","display_name":"immigrant women","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-earnings","display_name":"immigrant earnings","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assimilation","display_name":"assimilation","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-convergence","display_name":"earnings convergence","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"selection bias","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.8720259666442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.8630402088165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.8061279654502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.7783478498458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.6222838163375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6054049730300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777169553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130814","display_name":"Panel Study of Income Dynamics","level":2,"score":0.5685192346572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75649859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148877","display_name":"Assimilation (phonology)","level":2,"score":0.4525172710418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776099370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647087","display_name":"Survey of Income and Program Participation","level":2,"score":0.43030795454978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.4134623408317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.36085277795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3273584842681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2605632543563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.17872074246406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13011407852172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12762844562530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07448714971542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.06242853403091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036849100000131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991113213","https://openalex.org/W2000990251","https://openalex.org/W2004447924","https://openalex.org/W3121199680","https://openalex.org/W4297974475","https://openalex.org/W4300169532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417443317","https://openalex.org/W7098751011","https://openalex.org/W4367663653","https://openalex.org/W628128893","https://openalex.org/W1726755268","https://openalex.org/W1991113213","https://openalex.org/W2054285747","https://openalex.org/W2786144572","https://openalex.org/W297135951","https://openalex.org/W4399352512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,11,31,38,47],"earnings":[4,72],"and":[5,15],"assimilation":[6],"of":[7,33],"female":[8],"immigrants":[9],"to":[10,28,64,68,74],"US,":[12],"using":[13],"1970":[14],"1980":[16],"census":[17],"data.":[18],"A":[19],"correction":[20],"for":[21,30],"selectivity":[22],"bias":[23],"is":[24,53],"employed.":[25,54],"In":[26],"addition,":[27],"correct":[29],"lack":[32],"work":[34],"history":[35],"data":[36,45],"in":[37,46],"census,":[39],"an":[40],"experience":[41],"proxy":[42],"derived":[43],"from":[44],"Panel":[48],"Survey":[49],"on":[50],"Income":[51],"Dynamics":[52],"Female":[55],"immigrants,":[56],"taken":[57],"as":[58],"a":[59],"group,":[60],"with":[61],"similar":[62],"characteristics":[63],"natives,":[65],"are":[66],"shown":[67],"have":[69],"initiality":[70],"lower":[71],"but":[73],"catch":[75],"up":[76],"within":[77],"about":[78],"ten":[79],"years.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
