{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161328137","doi":null,"title":"2-[C-11]thymidine imaging of malignant brain tumors.","display_name":"2-[C-11]thymidine imaging of malignant brain tumors.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161328137","mag":"2161328137","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9973209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9973209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9973209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025579054","display_name":"Janet F. Eary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-8300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-8300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J F Eary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195-6113, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195-6113, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072312981","display_name":"David A. Mankoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-5413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-5413"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D A Mankoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112106733","display_name":"Alexander M. Spence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Spence","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006262715","display_name":"Mitchel Stuart Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-4892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-4892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M S Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016883047","display_name":"Adam B. Olshen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-4514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-4514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Olshen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109124668","display_name":"Jeanne M. Link","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J M Link","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055780546","display_name":"Finbarr O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-4697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-4697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F O'Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109093605","display_name":"Kenneth A. Krohn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K A Krohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5541,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98625587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"615","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11395","display_name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignant-brain-tumors","display_name":"malignant brain tumors","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-cell-proliferation","display_name":"tumor cell proliferation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdg-pet-comparison","display_name":"FDG-PET comparison","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier-disruption","display_name":"blood-brain barrier disruption","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinetic-modeling","display_name":"kinetic modeling","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-imaging","display_name":"parametric imaging","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-recurrence","display_name":"tumor recurrence","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-response","display_name":"tumor response","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6688172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.6619303226470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777477808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407595","display_name":"Metabolite","level":2,"score":0.606157660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.5965607762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5617884397506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777415128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419849","display_name":"Fluorodeoxyglucose","level":3,"score":0.5096578598022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422464","display_name":"Thymidine","level":3,"score":0.5090615153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.4794398844242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3276485502719879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.292228102684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2157997190952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.183718740940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09560585021972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001254","descriptor_name":"Astrocytoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001254","descriptor_name":"Astrocytoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002250","descriptor_name":"Carbon Radioisotopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005909","descriptor_name":"Glioblastoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013936","descriptor_name":"Thymidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014055","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Emission-Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018242","descriptor_name":"Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018242","descriptor_name":"Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019275","descriptor_name":"Radiopharmaceuticals","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9973209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9973209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:2161328137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9973209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1364894146","display_name":"Molecular Imaging of Cancer and Its Response to Therapy","funder_award_id":"P01CA042045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557247295","https://openalex.org/W1825637427","https://openalex.org/W1866226840","https://openalex.org/W1964969620","https://openalex.org/W2000037046","https://openalex.org/W2004556707","https://openalex.org/W2013611417","https://openalex.org/W2028888440","https://openalex.org/W2045902250","https://openalex.org/W2051982486","https://openalex.org/W2063998362","https://openalex.org/W2098253496","https://openalex.org/W2124906848","https://openalex.org/W2148686529","https://openalex.org/W2151210458","https://openalex.org/W2182904395","https://openalex.org/W2188306382","https://openalex.org/W2271830718","https://openalex.org/W2272210420","https://openalex.org/W2290493881","https://openalex.org/W2309583357","https://openalex.org/W2906906119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251192101","https://openalex.org/W3213021335","https://openalex.org/W2118613910","https://openalex.org/W2009649938","https://openalex.org/W4230739364","https://openalex.org/W2227196761","https://openalex.org/W6992813493","https://openalex.org/W2183455317","https://openalex.org/W2020330977","https://openalex.org/W2342533510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malignant":[0],"brain":[1,13,63,96,339],"tumors":[2,77],"pose":[3],"diagnostic":[4],"and":[5,21,32,64,89,112,115,153,182,197,215,241,254,267],"therapeutic":[6],"problems.":[7],"Despite":[8],"the":[9,61,93,116,133,141,164,190,230,235,244,258,276,280,290,317,325,335],"advent":[10],"of":[11,29,60,81,95,102,140,222,233,239,246,260,271,292,299,302,319,327],"new":[12],"imaging":[14,19,80,256,287,338],"modalities,":[15],"including":[16],"magnetic":[17],"resonance":[18],"(MRI)":[20],"[F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose":[22],"(FDG)":[23],"positron":[24],"emission":[25],"tomography":[26],"(PET),":[27],"determination":[28],"tumor":[30,46,97,159,174,187,203,293,340],"viability":[31],"response":[33],"to":[34,50,71,91,209,228,242,263,310,343],"treatment":[35],"is":[36],"often":[37],"difficult.":[38],"Blood-brain":[39],"barrier":[40,321],"disruption":[41,322],"can":[42],"be":[43],"caused":[44],"by":[45,78,121],"or":[47,74],"nonspecific":[48],"reactions":[49],"treatment,":[51],"making":[52],"MRI":[53,113],"interpretation":[54],"ambiguous.":[55],"The":[56,125],"high":[57,195],"metabolic":[58],"background":[59],"normal":[62,296],"its":[65],"regional":[66],"variability":[67],"makes":[68],"it":[69],"difficult":[70],"identify":[72],"small":[73],"less":[75,178],"active":[76],"FDG":[79,110,151,180,198],"cellular":[82,98,329,341],"energetics.":[83],"We":[84],"have":[85],"investigated":[86],"2-[C-11]thymidine":[87],"(dThd)":[88],"PET":[90,152,212],"image":[92,117],"rate":[94],"proliferation.":[99,330],"A":[100],"series":[101],"13":[103],"patients":[104,184,192],"underwent":[105],"closely":[106],"spaced":[107],"dThd":[108,127,146,165,175,196,211,247,266,272,303,306,313],"PET,":[109,111],"procedures,":[114],"results":[118],"were":[119,129],"compared":[120,294],"standardized":[122],"visual":[123],"analysis.":[124],"resulting":[126],"scans":[128,136],"qualitatively":[130],"different":[131],"from":[132,150],"other":[134,172],"two":[135,156,171],"in":[137,170,219],"approximately":[138],"50%":[139],"cases,":[142,157],"which":[143],"suggests":[144],"that":[145],"provided":[147],"information":[148,346],"distinct":[149],"MRI.":[154],"In":[155],"recurrent":[158],"was":[160,177,207,226,308],"more":[161],"apparent":[162],"on":[163,168,316,324],"study":[166,333],"than":[167,179,189],"FDG;":[169],"patients,":[173],"uptake":[176,213,314],"uptake,":[181],"these":[183],"had":[185],"slower":[186],"progression":[188],"three":[191],"with":[193,279,295],"both":[194,265],"uptake.":[199],"To":[200],"better":[201],"characterize":[202],"proliferation,":[204],"kinetic":[205,261],"modeling":[206],"applied":[208],"dynamic":[210],"data":[214,218],"metabolite-analyzed":[216],"blood":[217],"a":[220],"subset":[221],"patients.":[223],"Kinetic":[224],"analysis":[225,262,282],"able":[227,309],"remove":[229],"confounding":[231],"influence":[232],"[C-11]CO2,":[234],"principal":[236],"labeled":[237],"metabolite":[238],"2-[C-11]dThd,":[240],"estimate":[243],"flux":[245,273,307],"incorporation":[248],"into":[249],"DNA.":[250],"Sequential,":[251],"same-day":[252],"[C-11]CO2":[253],"[C-11]dThd":[255],"demonstrated":[257],"ability":[259],"model":[264,277,300],"CO2":[268],"simultaneously.":[269],"Images":[270],"obtained":[274],"using":[275],"along":[278],"mixture":[281],"method":[283],"for":[284,337,347],"pixel-by-pixel":[285],"parametric":[286],"significantly":[288],"enhanced":[289],"contrast":[291],"brain.":[297],"Comparison":[298],"estimates":[301],"transport":[304],"versus":[305],"discern":[311],"increased":[312,328],"simply":[315],"basis":[318,326],"blood-brain":[320],"retention":[323],"This":[331],"preliminary":[332],"demonstrates":[334],"potential":[336],"proliferation":[342],"provide":[344],"unique":[345],"guiding":[348],"patient":[349],"treatment.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
