{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160988932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","title":"Two by Two","display_name":"Two by Two","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160988932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","mag":"2160988932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20483839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0956797610368060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58854535","display_name":"Psychological Science","issn_l":"0956-7976","issn":["0956-7976","1467-9280"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065475749","display_name":"Philip S. Dale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-8510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-8510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip S. Dale","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Mexico, Albuquerque"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075665013","display_name":"Nicole Harlaar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Harlaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087731111","display_name":"Claire M. A. Haworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-289X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-289X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire M.A. Haworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007723142","display_name":"Robert J. Plomin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-3629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-3629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Plomin","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065475749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96643087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"635","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.47189998626708984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.47189998626708984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.3257000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.07670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritability","display_name":"heritability","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-environment","display_name":"shared environment","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-factors","display_name":"genetic factors","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-language-acquisition","display_name":"first language acquisition","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twins","display_name":"twins","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-curriculum-assessment","display_name":"national curriculum assessment","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.9353775978088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7110140919685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.47899147868156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.47682303190231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.4491517245769501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.43230587244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4188210964202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28768694400787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17046067118644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.14979326725006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1072719395160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10255801677703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08640754222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001076","descriptor_name":"Aptitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005824","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Behavioral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007804","descriptor_name":"Language Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014852","descriptor_name":"Wales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019303","descriptor_name":"Multilingualism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0956797610368060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58854535","display_name":"Psychological Science","issn_l":"0956-7976","issn":["0956-7976","1467-9280"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20483839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20483839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/80535653-391d-4a58-800d-a190be713833","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/80535653-391d-4a58-800d-a190be713833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dale, P S, Harlaar, N, Haworth, C M A & Plomin, R 2010, 'Two by Two: A Twin Study of Second-Language Acquisition', Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 635 - 640. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/b889ffd6-1b69-4a72-a043-729e5e57b6e6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/b889ffd6-1b69-4a72-a043-729e5e57b6e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dale, P S, Harlaar, N, Haworth, C M A & Plomin, R 2010, 'Two by two : a twin study of second-language acquisition', Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 635-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/b889ffd6-1b69-4a72-a043-729e5e57b6e6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/b889ffd6-1b69-4a72-a043-729e5e57b6e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dale, P S, Harlaar, N, Haworth, C M A & Plomin, R 2010, 'Two by two : a twin study of second-language acquisition', Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 635-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610368060","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523926687","https://openalex.org/W1551383178","https://openalex.org/W1986255768","https://openalex.org/W2049186166","https://openalex.org/W2065733831","https://openalex.org/W2113252376","https://openalex.org/W2119947818","https://openalex.org/W2125526681","https://openalex.org/W2125841054","https://openalex.org/W2144105102","https://openalex.org/W2169265688","https://openalex.org/W2169294984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2173797909","https://openalex.org/W2131799730","https://openalex.org/W1595934771","https://openalex.org/W7161294360","https://openalex.org/W2777112088","https://openalex.org/W2016045220","https://openalex.org/W1523926687","https://openalex.org/W1983492902","https://openalex.org/W2407733835","https://openalex.org/W1591656205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,54],"report,":[2],"we":[3],"provide":[4],"initial":[5],"results":[6,41],"of":[7,11,37,49,56,61,72,110],"the":[8,12,70,73,126],"first":[9],"application":[10],"classic":[13],"twin":[14],"design":[15],"to":[16,69],"second-language":[17,57,62,116],"acquisition.":[18,58],"The":[19,40,59],"analysis":[20],"was":[21],"conducted":[22],"on":[23,53,113,125],"assessments":[24],"teachers":[25],"made":[26],"using":[27],"United":[28],"Kingdom":[29],"National":[30],"Curriculum":[31],"standards":[32],"and":[33,46,81,85,115,118],"included":[34],"604":[35],"pairs":[36],"14-year-old":[38],"twins.":[39],"demonstrate":[42],"substantial":[43],"heritability":[44,60,71,89],"(.67)":[45],"low":[47],"influence":[48],"shared":[50,122],"environment":[51],"(.13)":[52],"measure":[55],"acquisition":[63,76,95],"at":[64,79],"14":[65,82],"years":[66],"is":[67,86],"comparable":[68],"two":[74,127],"first-language":[75,94],"measures":[77],"obtained":[78],"12":[80],"years,":[83],"respectively,":[84],"higher":[87],"than":[88],"estimates":[90],"previously":[91],"published":[92],"for":[93],"in":[96],"early":[97],"childhood.":[98],"Multivariate":[99],"behavior":[100],"genetic":[101,111],"analyses":[102],"suggest":[103],"very":[104],"high,":[105],"but":[106],"not":[107],"complete,":[108],"overlap":[109,120],"influences":[112,124],"first-":[114],"acquisition,":[117],"less":[119],"between":[121],"environmental":[123],"domains.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
