{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160875703","doi":null,"title":"Essays on Firm Level Responses to Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization in India","display_name":"Essays on Firm Level Responses to Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization in India","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160875703","mag":"2160875703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:12657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015267944","display_name":"Sandra Lancheros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-764X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-764X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Lancheros","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2002University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2002University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015267944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.06509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment-liberalization","display_name":"foreign direct investment liberalization","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-firms","display_name":"Indian companies","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exporting","display_name":"exporting","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outward-foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"outward foreign direct investment","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-of-firms","display_name":"internationalization of firms","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-investment","display_name":"technology investment","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-convergence","display_name":"technology convergence","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-growth","display_name":"productivity growth","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/services-exports","display_name":"service exports","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-financing","display_name":"external financing","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-companies","display_name":"service companies","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7884510159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.6840628981590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5800949335098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5540444850921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5453563928604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5377514362335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.5254273414611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4122135639190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.387920618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2303721308708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09909102320671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:12657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nottingham.ac.uk:123456789/46682","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/handle/123456789/46682","pdf_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/bitstreams/aef4353e-6f75-4c4f-81df-dfb239ac1ef0/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ethesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/996904","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/996904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:7862","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/7862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"mag:2160875703","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:12657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12657/1/Thesis_Lancheros.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320324","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324211","display_name":"Ministry of Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/02fn8ac40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160875703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160875703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375481","https://openalex.org/W149625676","https://openalex.org/W1490983209","https://openalex.org/W1514365701","https://openalex.org/W1517412673","https://openalex.org/W1519584536","https://openalex.org/W1540354580","https://openalex.org/W1560850391","https://openalex.org/W1563096056","https://openalex.org/W1566299104","https://openalex.org/W1571633770","https://openalex.org/W1574187751","https://openalex.org/W1575140665","https://openalex.org/W1829986159","https://openalex.org/W1855045113","https://openalex.org/W1856810577","https://openalex.org/W1862304394","https://openalex.org/W1964450723","https://openalex.org/W1965720565","https://openalex.org/W1978957937","https://openalex.org/W1981356569","https://openalex.org/W1982159281","https://openalex.org/W1985289044","https://openalex.org/W1985984948","https://openalex.org/W1986139741","https://openalex.org/W1989864366","https://openalex.org/W1996581221","https://openalex.org/W1997421610","https://openalex.org/W2001554221","https://openalex.org/W2001850410","https://openalex.org/W2002149800","https://openalex.org/W2002725140","https://openalex.org/W2004753983","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2007043159","https://openalex.org/W2011474190","https://openalex.org/W2020962489","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2029394297","https://openalex.org/W2029713471","https://openalex.org/W2032812673","https://openalex.org/W2039795294","https://openalex.org/W2047474341","https://openalex.org/W2052412641","https://openalex.org/W2062004588","https://openalex.org/W2062427523","https://openalex.org/W2062476909","https://openalex.org/W2070419600","https://openalex.org/W2074257893","https://openalex.org/W2076196286","https://openalex.org/W2078918259","https://openalex.org/W2083039938","https://openalex.org/W2086467343","https://openalex.org/W2087076079","https://openalex.org/W2096874528","https://openalex.org/W2097790641","https://openalex.org/W2098708459","https://openalex.org/W2098787860","https://openalex.org/W2102746486","https://openalex.org/W2119237697","https://openalex.org/W2120935945","https://openalex.org/W2124017101","https://openalex.org/W2124933622","https://openalex.org/W2131517300","https://openalex.org/W2136838973","https://openalex.org/W2144357229","https://openalex.org/W2148897567","https://openalex.org/W2149404804","https://openalex.org/W2156757226","https://openalex.org/W2157091880","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2164111484","https://openalex.org/W2166164058","https://openalex.org/W2169298031","https://openalex.org/W2169383921","https://openalex.org/W2185778313","https://openalex.org/W2186179102","https://openalex.org/W2187377778","https://openalex.org/W2501367187","https://openalex.org/W2615803758","https://openalex.org/W2890550698","https://openalex.org/W2891056913","https://openalex.org/W2891697685","https://openalex.org/W2891943661","https://openalex.org/W3021040265","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3023844252","https://openalex.org/W3023875755","https://openalex.org/W3121131993","https://openalex.org/W3121387558","https://openalex.org/W3121405483","https://openalex.org/W3122767144","https://openalex.org/W3123205937","https://openalex.org/W3123742004","https://openalex.org/W3123888140","https://openalex.org/W3124170156","https://openalex.org/W3125697804","https://openalex.org/W3125749692","https://openalex.org/W3125776168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343759066","https://openalex.org/W2763518405","https://openalex.org/W58954470","https://openalex.org/W7099499568","https://openalex.org/W2789136669","https://openalex.org/W2234104663","https://openalex.org/W2790920181","https://openalex.org/W2913283366","https://openalex.org/W2477561261","https://openalex.org/W2002011544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,19,33,37,43,53,72,80,88,100,124,137,160,172,185,198,207,265,273,278,282,287,297,343,355,374,415,420,434],"past":[2],"three":[3],"decades":[4],"policy":[5],"makers":[6],"from":[7,102,221],"a":[8,64,106,192,444],"number":[9],"of":[10,21,39,42,47,55,67,82,90,108,111,139,152,159,165,174,187,200,209,218,267,280,289,302,317,332,357,359,370,376,387,422,447],"developing":[11],"countries":[12],"have":[13],"undertaken":[14],"outward-oriented":[15],"economic":[16,49,243],"reforms":[17,50],"with":[18,32,156,197,206,337],"objective":[20],"stimulating":[22,171,309,403],"global":[23,77],"capabilities":[24],"and":[25,57,84,87,119,129,132,141,162,167,277,299,305,311,399],"allowing":[26],"domestic":[27,242],"firms":[28,113,131,255,339],"to":[29,104,116,136,248,272,342,430],"catch":[30],"up":[31,367],"technological":[34,140,177,312,325,344,371,388,412],"frontier.":[35],"In":[36,213,373,428],"case":[38,375],"India,":[40,336],"one":[41],"most":[44],"important":[45,232,330],"features":[46],"such":[48,91],"has":[51,229,239,327],"been":[52,230,328],"promotion":[54],"exports":[56],"outward":[58,182],"foreign":[59,211],"direct":[60],"investments":[61,189,304,365,401],"(FDI).":[62],"Using":[63],"rich":[65],"set":[66],"econometric":[68],"methodologies,":[69],"we":[70,215,246,285,418,437],"examine":[71,296],"forces":[73],"underlying":[74],"Indian":[75,112,202,224,236,293,360,448],"firms\u2019":[76,146,175,318,404,450],"strategies":[78,125],"in":[79,114,144,170,259,292,308,335,402,414],"form":[81],"exporting":[83,166,222,228,252,353,379,451],"investing":[85,168,204],"abroad":[86,169,205],"impact":[89],"decisions":[92],"upon":[93],"their":[94,363,368,385],"future":[95],"performance.":[96],"Our":[97,321],"analysis":[98,158],"covers":[99],"years":[101],"1999":[103],"2007,":[105],"period":[107],"gradual":[109],"internationalization":[110],"response":[115],"ongoing":[117],"trade":[118],"FDI":[120,183],"liberalization.":[121],"We":[122,179,295,349],"contrast":[123,429],"followed":[126],"by":[127,383],"manufacturing":[128,347,435],"service":[130,338,426,449],"pay":[133],"particular":[134],"attention":[135],"role":[138,421],"financial":[142],"factors":[143],"shaping":[145],"globalization":[147],"processes.":[148],"\\n\\nThe":[149],"first":[150],"chapter":[151,284,417],"this":[153,268],"thesis":[154],"starts":[155],"an":[157,231,329],"individual":[161,298],"complementary":[163,300,394],"effects":[164,220,395],"development":[173],"in-house":[176],"capabilities.":[178],"find":[180,249,351,438],"that":[181,194,227,251,324,352,439],"substitutes":[184],"rate":[186,356,369,386],"technology":[188,260,303,400],"at":[190],"home,":[191],"result":[193],"is":[195,442],"consistent":[196],"notion":[199],"technology-seeking":[201],"multinationals":[203],"purpose":[208],"acquiring":[210],"technology.":[212],"contrast,":[214],"uncover":[216],"evidence":[217,250],"technology-enhancing":[219],"amongst":[223],"multinationals,":[225,361],"indicating":[226],"channel":[233],"through":[234,408,411],"which":[235],"multinational":[237,254],"expansion":[238],"encouraged":[240],"greater":[241],"activity.":[244,452],"Finally,":[245],"fail":[247],"non":[253],"always":[256],"invest":[257],"more":[258],"than":[261,346],"non-exporting":[262],"ones.":[263],"Rather,":[264],"nature":[266],"association":[269],"varies":[270],"according":[271],"sector":[274],"under":[275],"consideration":[276],"type":[279],"technology.\\n\\nIn":[281],"second":[283],"analyze":[286],"process":[288],"productivity":[290,319,333,381,405],"growth":[291,334,382,406],"firms.":[294],"roles":[301],"international":[306,397],"activities":[307,398],"innovation":[310,358,409],"convergence,":[313],"two":[314],"potential":[315],"sources":[316],"growth.":[320],"findings":[322,432],"indicate":[323],"convergence":[326],"source":[331],"converging":[340],"faster":[341],"frontier":[345],"companies.":[348],"also":[350,392],"boosts":[354],"whereas":[362],"overseas":[364],"speed":[366],"convergence.":[372],"non-multinational":[377],"companies,":[378],"stimulates":[380],"accelerating":[384],"transfer.":[389],"There":[390],"are":[391],"positive":[393],"between":[396],"either":[407],"and/or":[410],"transfer.\\n\\nFinally,":[413],"third":[416],"evaluate":[419],"external":[423,440],"finance":[424,441],"for":[425,433],"exports.":[427],"some":[431],"sector,":[436],"not":[443],"significant":[445],"determinant":[446]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}