{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160728895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549709341582","title":"Independent Verification and Validation of an Industrial Simulation Model","display_name":"Independent Verification and Validation of an Industrial Simulation Model","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160728895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549709341582","mag":"2160728895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0037549709341582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549709341582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549709341582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32573412","display_name":"SIMULATION","issn_l":"0037-5497","issn":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIMULATION","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011301554","display_name":"Stewart Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-0167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-0167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stewart Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Operational Research and Management Sciences Group Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Operational Research and Management Sciences Group Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001470102","display_name":"Roger J. Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-7974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-7974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger J. Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Science Department Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Science Department Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011301554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80119772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"7","first_page":"405","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13286","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation Systems","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-verification-and-validation","display_name":"independent verification and validation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-validation","display_name":"simulation validation","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication-analysis","display_name":"replication analysis","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"static analysis","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-simulation","display_name":"supply chain simulation","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.6179271936416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.5640060901641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5334365963935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45180004835128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4276714324951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.42375096678733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019813237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65089264","display_name":"Model validation","level":2,"score":0.41883713006973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3707071542739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24330991506576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.16633671522140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.12654104828834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12305387854576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.07184088230133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07082432508468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0037549709341582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549709341582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549709341582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32573412","display_name":"SIMULATION","issn_l":"0037-5497","issn":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIMULATION","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:5671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/5671/1/WRAP_Robinson_0770216-lb-150611-independent_verification_and_validation_final.pdf","pdf_url":"http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/5671/1/WRAP_Robinson_0770216-lb-150611-independent_verification_and_validation_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.302.2677","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.302.2677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cell-devs.sce.carleton.ca/citations/0037549709341582v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.939.9176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.939.9176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sim.sagepub.com/content/86/7/405.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:45509","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/45509/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34455279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34455279.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34455279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34455279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137321552","https://openalex.org/W232254701","https://openalex.org/W258597527","https://openalex.org/W342961310","https://openalex.org/W624264820","https://openalex.org/W1519600252","https://openalex.org/W1562927459","https://openalex.org/W1575092331","https://openalex.org/W1577034617","https://openalex.org/W1849377404","https://openalex.org/W1975821979","https://openalex.org/W1985048154","https://openalex.org/W1991464290","https://openalex.org/W1999392077","https://openalex.org/W2006616860","https://openalex.org/W2007324603","https://openalex.org/W2014299137","https://openalex.org/W2019030560","https://openalex.org/W2023784902","https://openalex.org/W2048171994","https://openalex.org/W2052954791","https://openalex.org/W2054514273","https://openalex.org/W2060125344","https://openalex.org/W2068973399","https://openalex.org/W2071114591","https://openalex.org/W2075242706","https://openalex.org/W2077164759","https://openalex.org/W2081708878","https://openalex.org/W2083763932","https://openalex.org/W2114866884","https://openalex.org/W2128202785","https://openalex.org/W2129711193","https://openalex.org/W2140002900","https://openalex.org/W2149813156","https://openalex.org/W2150171852","https://openalex.org/W2163702733","https://openalex.org/W2164652923","https://openalex.org/W2168936936","https://openalex.org/W2188166716","https://openalex.org/W2535419763","https://openalex.org/W3140472528","https://openalex.org/W4206314812","https://openalex.org/W4237168452","https://openalex.org/W4242229881","https://openalex.org/W4248524505","https://openalex.org/W4393486823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096903564","https://openalex.org/W7096142124","https://openalex.org/W7098626723","https://openalex.org/W2163702733","https://openalex.org/W7095916612","https://openalex.org/W2768090379","https://openalex.org/W2132531036","https://openalex.org/W7100076237","https://openalex.org/W2154811983","https://openalex.org/W7098479719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,76,111],"independent":[1],"verification":[2,93],"and":[3,17,44,69,105,109],"validation":[4],"(IV&V)":[5],"of":[6,25,39,55,71,79,86,92,98,102,107,113],"simulation":[7,29,57],"models":[8,58],"is":[9,22,32,59,120],"largely":[10,33],"restricted":[11],"to":[12],"applications":[13],"in":[14],"the":[15,67,80],"military":[16],"public":[18],"policy":[19],"domains.":[20],"There":[21],"little":[23],"evidence":[24],"IV&V":[26,54,72,112],"for":[27,53],"industrial":[28,35,56],"models.":[30],"This":[31],"because":[34],"simulations":[36],"are":[37],"normally":[38],"a":[40,48,63,114],"much":[41],"smaller":[42],"scale":[43],"do":[45],"not":[46],"warrant":[47],"full":[49],"IV&V.":[50],"A":[51],"procedure":[52,77],"described":[60],"that":[61],"provides":[62],"viable":[64],"alternative":[65],"where":[66],"cost":[68],"time":[70],"must":[73],"be":[74],"contained.":[75],"consists":[78],"following":[81],"activities:":[82],"structured":[83],"walkthrough,":[84],"review":[85,91,97,101],"model":[87,119],"assumptions,":[88],"code":[89],"examination,":[90],"procedures,":[94],"replications":[95],"analysis,":[96,100],"static":[99],"output":[103],"reporting,":[104],"investigation":[106],"results":[108],"experimentation.":[110],"Sellafield":[115],"Limited":[116],"supply":[117],"chain":[118],"described.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}