{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160709449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","title":"A 77-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver With On-Chip Antennas in Silicon: Receiver and Antennas","display_name":"A 77-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver With On-Chip Antennas in Silicon: Receiver and Antennas","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160709449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","mag":"2160709449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023297510","display_name":"Aydin Babakhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-9061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-9061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aydin Babakhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang Guan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SiBEAM, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SiBEAM, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061348524","display_name":"Abbas Komijani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Komijani","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091535060","display_name":"Arun S. Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-7007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-7007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079016793","display_name":"Ali Hajimiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-8019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-8019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hajimiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.9455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":430,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99808652,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"12","first_page":"2795","last_page":"2806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-chip-antenna","display_name":"on-chip antenna","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photonics","display_name":"silicon photonics","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-noise-amplifier","display_name":"low noise amplifier","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"frequency synthesizer","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-rotator","display_name":"phase rotator","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-oscillator","display_name":"local oscillator","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-lens","display_name":"silicon lens","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave-loss","display_name":"surface wave loss","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"noise figure","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-radar","display_name":"automotive radar","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.65919029712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6269498467445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.5921104550361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.5889562964439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155332784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151304","display_name":"Low-noise amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5787028074264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5601325631141663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5419853329658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44452357292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.4314398467540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34034645557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32779836654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29958242177963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.17432954907417297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.884811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.147.1076","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.147.1076","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.its.caltech.edu/~hajimiri/pdf/Babakhani_JSSC_2006.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.637.8595","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.637.8595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.its.caltech.edu/~leectr/workshop07/papers/HajimiriAydin77GHzTransceiverReceiverAntenna.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.720.8634","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.720.8634","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.rice.edu/%7Eab28/papers/77GHzPhasedArrayRX_JSSC2006.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:6804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/6804/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W947551287","https://openalex.org/W1534836808","https://openalex.org/W1980460888","https://openalex.org/W1986368707","https://openalex.org/W1991182714","https://openalex.org/W2014507383","https://openalex.org/W2016522229","https://openalex.org/W2045522226","https://openalex.org/W2090995817","https://openalex.org/W2108689740","https://openalex.org/W2109324008","https://openalex.org/W2118869592","https://openalex.org/W2125834071","https://openalex.org/W2132450269","https://openalex.org/W2143177284","https://openalex.org/W2158207424","https://openalex.org/W2158933361","https://openalex.org/W2159069932","https://openalex.org/W2166335487","https://openalex.org/W2798875205","https://openalex.org/W3142333176","https://openalex.org/W4229594554","https://openalex.org/W4250182739","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973308126","https://openalex.org/W2109324008","https://openalex.org/W2045522226","https://openalex.org/W2143177284","https://openalex.org/W2155678104","https://openalex.org/W2170045763","https://openalex.org/W1969118370","https://openalex.org/W2167457013","https://openalex.org/W2120243291","https://openalex.org/W40826109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,68],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"the":[5,8,29,32,69,72,75,90,97,103,107,111,132],"receiver":[6,26],"and":[7,46,83,124,142],"on-chip":[9,21,47,150],"antenna":[10,151],"sections":[11],"of":[12,28,65,74,110,121,128,131,139,146,155],"a":[13,56,117,125,137,143,153],"fully":[14],"integrated":[15],"77-GHz":[16],"four-element":[17],"phased-array":[18],"transceiver":[19],"with":[20],"antennas":[22],"in":[23],"silicon.":[24],"The":[25,50],"section":[27],"chip":[30],"includes":[31],"complete":[33],"down-conversion":[34],"path":[35],"comprising":[36],"low-noise":[37],"amplifier":[38,61],"(LNA),":[39],"frequency":[40],"synthesizer,":[41],"phase":[42,86,91],"rotators,":[43],"combining":[44,52,60],"amplifiers,":[45],"dipole":[48],"antennas.":[49],"signal":[51],"is":[53,78,99],"performed":[54],"using":[55],"novel":[57],"distributed":[58],"active":[59],"at":[62],"an":[63],"IF":[64],"26":[66],"GHz.":[67],"LO":[70],"path,":[71],"output":[73],"52-GHz":[76],"VCO":[77],"routed":[79],"to":[80,101,106],"different":[81],"elements":[82],"can":[84],"be":[85],"shifted":[87],"locally":[88],"by":[89],"rotators.":[92],"A":[93],"silicon":[94,112],"lens":[95],"on":[96],"backside":[98],"used":[100],"reduce":[102],"loss":[104],"due":[105],"surface-wave":[108],"power":[109],"substrate.":[113],"Our":[114],"measurements":[115],"show":[116],"single-element":[118],"LNA":[119],"gain":[120,138,154],"23":[122],"dB":[123,141],"noise":[126,144],"figure":[127,145],"6.0dB.":[129],"Each":[130,149],"four":[133],"receive":[134],"paths":[135],"has":[136,152],"37":[140],"8.0":[147],"dB.":[148],"+2":[156],"dBi":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
