{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160701778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","title":"Dealing With The Dangers Of Fear: The Role Of Risk Communication","display_name":"Dealing With The Dangers Of Fear: The Role Of Risk Communication","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160701778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","mag":"2160701778","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12442846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001272674","display_name":"George M. Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-7889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-7889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George M. Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044736240","display_name":"David P. Ropeik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David P. Ropeik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99030886,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"106","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10827","display_name":"Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-communication","display_name":"risk communication","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear","display_name":"fear","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/september-11-attacks","display_name":"September 11 attacks","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"risk perception","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-decision-making","display_name":"public health decision-making","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-communication","display_name":"government communication","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6429582834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.6237455606460571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6020316481590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5923686623573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.566670835018158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778880830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16513600","display_name":"Homeland","level":3,"score":0.5444064140319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506469952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181467","display_name":"Homeland security","level":3,"score":0.5271500945091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4677215814590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017634809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84862664","display_name":"Risk communication","level":2,"score":0.46037039160728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020442560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4971815","display_name":"Broad spectrum","level":2,"score":0.4365624487400055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778080475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353774","display_name":"Health communication","level":2,"score":0.43496984243392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3769928812980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.34639036655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3453732430934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3242231011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28235363960266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.26367050409317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.18414488434791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1729402244091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.12360769510269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011635","descriptor_name":"Public Health Administration","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012938","descriptor_name":"Social Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023482","descriptor_name":"Bioterrorism","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040442","descriptor_name":"Public Health Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12442846","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12442846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7965999841690063,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35532289","https://openalex.org/W1963536888","https://openalex.org/W1973396848","https://openalex.org/W2016488024","https://openalex.org/W2028499407","https://openalex.org/W2035782089","https://openalex.org/W2075825194","https://openalex.org/W2095823787","https://openalex.org/W2138502710","https://openalex.org/W2141362511","https://openalex.org/W4237510031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411204918","https://openalex.org/W2062280817","https://openalex.org/W2120892113","https://openalex.org/W147056978","https://openalex.org/W4295756392","https://openalex.org/W2128293033","https://openalex.org/W7024376787","https://openalex.org/W2285942930","https://openalex.org/W2416424173","https://openalex.org/W84109540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"the":[1,5,87,93],"many":[2],"lessons":[3],"of":[4,9,24,30,58],"homeland":[6],"terrorist":[7],"attacks":[8],"2001":[10],"was":[11],"that":[12],"fear":[13],"has":[14],"powerful":[15],"public":[16,120],"health":[17],"implications.":[18],"People":[19],"chose":[20],"to":[21,38,73,99,108,118],"drive":[22],"instead":[23],"flying,":[25],"thereby":[26,43],"raising":[27],"their":[28,77,104],"risk":[29,71],"injury":[31],"or":[32],"death.":[33],"Thousands":[34],"took":[35],"broad-spectrum":[36],"antibiotics":[37],"prevent":[39],"possible":[40],"anthrax":[41],"infections,":[42],"accelerating":[44],"antimicrobial":[45],"resistance.":[46],"Such":[47],"potentially":[48],"harmful":[49],"actions":[50,94],"were":[51,62],"taken":[52],"by":[53,112],"people":[54,75,98],"seeking":[55],"a":[56],"sense":[57],"safety":[59],"because":[60],"they":[61],"afraid.":[63],"This":[64],"essay":[65],"argues":[66],"for":[67],"greater":[68],"emphasis":[69],"on":[70],"communication":[72],"help":[74],"keep":[76],"fears":[78],"in":[79,92,103,114],"perspective.":[80],"Effective":[81],"communication,":[82],"not":[83],"only":[84],"through":[85],"what":[86],"government":[88],"says":[89],"but":[90],"implicit":[91],"it":[95],"takes,":[96],"empowers":[97],"make":[100],"wiser":[101],"choices":[102,111],"own":[105],"lives,":[106],"and":[107,121],"support":[109],"wise":[110],"society":[113],"applying":[115],"limited":[116],"resources":[117],"maximize":[119],"environmental":[122],"health.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
