{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160653556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","title":"Concreteness and item-to-list context associations in the free recall of items differing in context variability.","display_name":"Concreteness and item-to-list context associations in the free recall of items differing in context variability.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160653556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","mag":"2160653556","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17087594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026876827","display_name":"Richard L. Marsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-9890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-9890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard L. Marsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA. rlmarsh@uga.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA. rlmarsh@uga.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023068817","display_name":"J. Thadeus Meeks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-024X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-024X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Thadeus Meeks","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022582608","display_name":"Jason L. Hicks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason L. Hicks","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035769463","display_name":"Gabriel I. Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-5082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-5082"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel I. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052262179","display_name":"Arlo G. Clark-Foos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arlo Clark-Foos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56157325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"1424","last_page":"1430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-variability","display_name":"context variability","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-recall","display_name":"free recall","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episodic-memory","display_name":"episodic memory","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concreteness","display_name":"concreteness","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-advantage","display_name":"memory advantage","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778436841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159081","display_name":"Concreteness","level":2,"score":0.8021907806396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.74992835521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76188268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783165","display_name":"Context effect","level":3,"score":0.6106097102165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5783483982086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5161963105201721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.45396363735198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39231204986572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15343207120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.13296708464622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10540050268173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001245","descriptor_name":"Association Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014163","descriptor_name":"Transfer, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014706","descriptor_name":"Verbal Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17087594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17087594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.523.7717","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.523.7717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://psychology.uga.edu/hcpl/pub_pdf/64.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973501380","https://openalex.org/W1984841879","https://openalex.org/W1987048036","https://openalex.org/W1993992553","https://openalex.org/W2001788447","https://openalex.org/W2003855048","https://openalex.org/W2006297384","https://openalex.org/W2006596739","https://openalex.org/W2009974983","https://openalex.org/W2020973125","https://openalex.org/W2022599667","https://openalex.org/W2022643643","https://openalex.org/W2035937642","https://openalex.org/W2041531948","https://openalex.org/W2076809928","https://openalex.org/W2086707421","https://openalex.org/W2094042071","https://openalex.org/W2104171182","https://openalex.org/W2106029369","https://openalex.org/W2134321850","https://openalex.org/W2143740992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984841879","https://openalex.org/W2022599667","https://openalex.org/W2041531948","https://openalex.org/W2801423377","https://openalex.org/W2102927664","https://openalex.org/W7100910579","https://openalex.org/W2047264728","https://openalex.org/W2082962948","https://openalex.org/W2032462267","https://openalex.org/W7099282020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context":[0],"variability":[1,70,103,125],"can":[2],"be":[3],"defined":[4],"as":[5,81],"the":[6,26,100,122,135],"number":[7,55],"of":[8,56,61,76,115,137],"preexperimental":[9,37,57],"contexts":[10,38],"in":[11,35,43,52],"which":[12],"a":[13,53],"given":[14],"concept":[15],"appears.":[16],"Following":[17],"M.":[18],"Steyvers":[19],"and":[20],"K.":[21],"J.":[22],"Malmberg's":[23],"(2003)":[24],"work,":[25],"authors":[27],"have":[28],"shown":[29],"that":[30,32,49,67,89,99],"concepts":[31,48],"are":[33,40,50,111],"experienced":[34,51],"fewer":[36],"generally":[39],"better":[41],"remembered":[42],"episodic":[44],"memory":[45],"tasks":[46],"than":[47],"greater":[54],"contexts.":[58],"The":[59],"purpose":[60],"this":[62],"article":[63],"is":[64,105,127],"to":[65,96],"demonstrate":[66,98],"low":[68,101,123],"context":[69,79,85,92,102,109,124,139],"confers":[71],"its":[72],"memorial":[73],"advantage":[74,104,126],"because":[75,114],"stronger":[77],"item-to-list":[78,108,138],"associations":[80,110],"compared":[82],"with":[83],"high":[84],"variability.":[86],"Three":[87],"experiments":[88],"use":[90],"environmental":[91,116],"changes":[93,117],"from":[94],"study":[95,133],"test":[97],"eliminated":[106,128],"when":[107,129],"not":[112],"available":[113],"at":[118,132],"test.":[119],"In":[120],"addition,":[121],"inward":[130],"processing":[131],"prevents":[134],"formation":[136],"associations.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
