{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160572393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","title":"Driving forces for consolidation or fragmentation of the US water utility industry: A cost function approach with endogenous output","display_name":"Driving forces for consolidation or fragmentation of the US water utility industry: A cost function approach with endogenous output","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160572393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","mag":"2160572393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147692640","display_name":"Journal of Urban Economics","issn_l":"0094-1190","issn":["0094-1190","1095-9068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005521048","display_name":"Marcelo Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-8497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-8497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036779006","display_name":"Catherine J. Morrison Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-5535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-5535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine J. Morrison Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Davis","The Giannini Foundation, UC Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Giannini Foundation, UC Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036779006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":{"value":5080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5080},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93911393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.6317999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.6317999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12248","display_name":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","score":0.28780001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-utilities","display_name":"water utilities","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-consolidation","display_name":"industry consolidation","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-fragmentation","display_name":"market fragmentation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-economies","display_name":"cost economies","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiproduct-cost-function","display_name":"multiproduct cost function","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-properties","display_name":"network characteristics","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-production-cost","display_name":"water production cost","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.8662830591201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.8516324758529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5774406790733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.494260311126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4826843738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4729846715927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.44380781054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.435351699590683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180075932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333342","display_name":"Econometric model","level":2,"score":0.4171527624130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1903969943523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08222082257270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.09.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147692640","display_name":"Journal of Urban Economics","issn_l":"0094-1190","issn":["0094-1190","1095-9068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:juecon:v:59:y:2006:i:1:p:104-120","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094-1190(05)00068-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105306706","https://openalex.org/W1504431213","https://openalex.org/W1513744640","https://openalex.org/W1549071394","https://openalex.org/W1551814998","https://openalex.org/W1567067496","https://openalex.org/W1588589727","https://openalex.org/W1965806666","https://openalex.org/W1987266958","https://openalex.org/W1988561326","https://openalex.org/W1991800950","https://openalex.org/W2006208583","https://openalex.org/W2024772729","https://openalex.org/W2026573452","https://openalex.org/W2037487007","https://openalex.org/W2041670752","https://openalex.org/W2041685985","https://openalex.org/W2070266392","https://openalex.org/W2073475707","https://openalex.org/W2078614357","https://openalex.org/W2098124788","https://openalex.org/W2102312071","https://openalex.org/W2115317742","https://openalex.org/W2143114661","https://openalex.org/W2146758544","https://openalex.org/W2153264136","https://openalex.org/W2161551060","https://openalex.org/W2166001029","https://openalex.org/W2276950650","https://openalex.org/W2800099811","https://openalex.org/W3020997869","https://openalex.org/W3047095876","https://openalex.org/W3144181605","https://openalex.org/W4210745689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389734400","https://openalex.org/W2047240100","https://openalex.org/W3121414111","https://openalex.org/W1543536610","https://openalex.org/W2947151329","https://openalex.org/W2373827643","https://openalex.org/W1997209091","https://openalex.org/W2500386203","https://openalex.org/W4389794435","https://openalex.org/W2979929625"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}