{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160420871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","title":"Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003","display_name":"Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160420871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","mag":"2160420871","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16463914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/dem.2005.0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30543418","display_name":"Demography","issn_l":"0070-3370","issn":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014667711","display_name":"Christine R. Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-1065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-1065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christine R. Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, UCLA, 264 Haines Hall, Box 951551, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, UCLA, 264 Haines Hall, Box 951551, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013664052","display_name":"Robert D. Mare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Mare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, UCLA, 264 Haines Hall, Box 951551, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, UCLA, 264 Haines Hall, Box 951551, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014667711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.8371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1044,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99903521,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"621","last_page":"646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.09929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14348","display_name":"Marriage and Family Dynamics","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-homogamy","display_name":"educational homogamy","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermarriage","display_name":"intermarriage","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-graduates","display_name":"university graduates","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stratification","display_name":"social stratification","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newlywed-couples","display_name":"newlyweds","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marriage-trends","display_name":"marriage trends","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.7689999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777433574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744592","display_name":"Assortative mating","level":3,"score":0.5613002777099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4590069651603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4526680111885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4035365581512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3507966101169586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.34129685163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2741129696369171}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004651","descriptor_name":"Employment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008393","descriptor_name":"Marriage","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008393","descriptor_name":"Marriage","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012937","descriptor_name":"Social Mobility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018454","descriptor_name":"Spouses","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018454","descriptor_name":"Spouses","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019352","descriptor_name":"Censuses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/dem.2005.0036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30543418","display_name":"Demography","issn_l":"0070-3370","issn":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16463914","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16463914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.708.6072","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.708.6072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://voteview.com/pdf/PWP-CCPR-2005-017.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/190169","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/190169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:demogr:v:42:y:2005:i:4:p:621-646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1353/dem.2005.0036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt1t89v0vz","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t89v0vz","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt1t89v0vz","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1t89v0vz","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Schwartz, Christine R; &amp; Mare, Robert D. (2005). Trends in Educational Assortative Marriage From 1940 to 2003. California Center for Population Research. UCLA: California Center for Population Research. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1t89v0vz","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2765783656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt1t89v0vz/qt1t89v0vz.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39775179","https://openalex.org/W90378904","https://openalex.org/W107887801","https://openalex.org/W338955536","https://openalex.org/W571188932","https://openalex.org/W763550962","https://openalex.org/W1482760364","https://openalex.org/W1497892281","https://openalex.org/W1528493742","https://openalex.org/W1531002703","https://openalex.org/W1543429635","https://openalex.org/W1543485342","https://openalex.org/W1551107844","https://openalex.org/W1578871533","https://openalex.org/W1600338860","https://openalex.org/W1969217069","https://openalex.org/W1975408086","https://openalex.org/W1976460152","https://openalex.org/W1981739204","https://openalex.org/W1983326003","https://openalex.org/W1983521820","https://openalex.org/W1988825744","https://openalex.org/W1994258329","https://openalex.org/W1998250792","https://openalex.org/W2013534642","https://openalex.org/W2014298777","https://openalex.org/W2023065782","https://openalex.org/W2023144777","https://openalex.org/W2025539815","https://openalex.org/W2026696249","https://openalex.org/W2028187523","https://openalex.org/W2034857978","https://openalex.org/W2038254639","https://openalex.org/W2042012671","https://openalex.org/W2049788725","https://openalex.org/W2051317093","https://openalex.org/W2059541331","https://openalex.org/W2059750100","https://openalex.org/W2061903015","https://openalex.org/W2062259181","https://openalex.org/W2068650689","https://openalex.org/W2072261720","https://openalex.org/W2075172801","https://openalex.org/W2076983043","https://openalex.org/W2079000942","https://openalex.org/W2080668185","https://openalex.org/W2086399807","https://openalex.org/W2089763487","https://openalex.org/W2090370998","https://openalex.org/W2098086535","https://openalex.org/W2107497267","https://openalex.org/W2113737061","https://openalex.org/W2113874516","https://openalex.org/W2117910752","https://openalex.org/W2126341198","https://openalex.org/W2129553541","https://openalex.org/W2136048895","https://openalex.org/W2138437577","https://openalex.org/W2139769163","https://openalex.org/W2144592869","https://openalex.org/W2145650389","https://openalex.org/W2146377072","https://openalex.org/W2153742907","https://openalex.org/W2157302262","https://openalex.org/W2161156719","https://openalex.org/W2164415819","https://openalex.org/W2170238606","https://openalex.org/W2282313336","https://openalex.org/W2318682786","https://openalex.org/W2319360213","https://openalex.org/W2329782668","https://openalex.org/W2470717411","https://openalex.org/W2485845321","https://openalex.org/W2595248631","https://openalex.org/W3023869884","https://openalex.org/W3124656114","https://openalex.org/W4300431782","https://openalex.org/W4388080471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765783656","https://openalex.org/W4402579533","https://openalex.org/W2025539815","https://openalex.org/W2323199076","https://openalex.org/W1539931532","https://openalex.org/W2011312921","https://openalex.org/W2341974553","https://openalex.org/W2278875620","https://openalex.org/W7099636324","https://openalex.org/W2133614211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"trends":[3],"in":[4,12,46,62,78,85,95,109,153,197],"educational":[5,26,47,89],"assortative":[6],"marriage":[7],"from":[8,29,35],"1940":[9,30],"to":[10,31,37,41,67,132],"2003":[11],"the":[13,42,79,86,101,107,110,144,147,154,158,198],"United":[14,199],"States.":[15,200],"Analyses":[16],"of":[17,56,88,100,118,146,157,171,190],"census":[18],"and":[19,126,174,192],"Current":[20],"Population":[21],"Survey":[22],"data":[23],"show":[24],"that":[25,112],"homogamy":[27,48,90],"decreased":[28],"1960":[32,36,40],"but":[33,134],"increased":[34],"2003.":[38],"From":[39],"early":[43,80],"1970s,":[44,81],"increases":[45,84],"were":[49,64,91],"generated":[50,92],"by":[51,93],"decreasing":[52],"intermarriage":[53,96,141,150],"among":[54,151],"groups":[55],"relatively":[57],"well-educated":[58],"persons.":[59],"College":[60],"graduates,":[61],"particular;":[63],"increasingly":[65],"likely":[66],"marry":[68,120],"each":[69],"other":[70],"rather":[71],"than":[72],"those":[73,113,127,152,185,193],"with":[74,114,128,179,186,194],"less":[75],"education.":[76],"Beginning":[77],"however;":[82],"continued":[83,131],"odds":[87,111],"decreases":[94],"at":[97,135,143],"both":[98],"ends":[99],"education":[102,119,148,191,196],"distribution.":[103],"Most":[104],"striking":[105],"is":[106],"decline":[108,133],"very":[115,187],"low":[116,188],"levels":[117,189],"up.":[121],"Intermarriage":[122],"between":[123,184],"college":[124],"graduates":[125],"\"some":[129],"college\"":[130],"a":[136,167,180],"more":[137,195],"gradual":[138],"pace.":[139],"As":[140],"declined":[142],"extremes":[145],"distribution,":[149],"middle":[155],"portion":[156],"distribution":[159],"increased.":[160],"These":[161],"trends,":[162],"which":[163],"are":[164,177],"similar":[165],"for":[166,175],"broad":[168],"cross":[169],"section":[170],"married":[172],"couples":[173],"newlyweds,":[176],"consistent":[178],"growing":[181],"social":[182],"divide":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":49}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
