{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160366648","doi":null,"title":"Learning Action Symbols for Hierarchical Grammar Induction","display_name":"Learning Action Symbols for Hierarchical Grammar Induction","publication_year":null,"publication_date":null,"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160366648","mag":"2160366648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.259.3486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.259.3486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk/%7Etkk22/doc/icpr12_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086722439","display_name":"Kyuhwa Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-4690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-4690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyuhwa Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653784","display_name":"Tae\u2010Kyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-6053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-6053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae-kyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018921347","display_name":"Yiannis Demiris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-3343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-3343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiannis Demiris","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.7070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.7070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"unsupervised learning","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-segmentation","display_name":"video segmentation","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"hierarchical clustering","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-complexity","display_name":"model complexity","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-action-recognition","display_name":"human action recognition","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower-of-hanoi","display_name":"Tower of Hanoi","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6879076957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6717269420623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6655152440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5926278829574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5879936814308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5598583221435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56601403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673","display_name":"Grammar induction","level":3,"score":0.5055661201477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5031124949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4887714087963104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.4785878658294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4696837067604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45429885387420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4127437472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35520505905151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33479055762290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24093258380889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23042574524879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.12230047583580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07978874444961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.259.3486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.259.3486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk/%7Etkk22/doc/icpr12_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517502158","https://openalex.org/W1575798196","https://openalex.org/W1964583714","https://openalex.org/W1983705368","https://openalex.org/W2000135624","https://openalex.org/W2099359781","https://openalex.org/W2105245249","https://openalex.org/W2110037176","https://openalex.org/W2120591602","https://openalex.org/W2127494100","https://openalex.org/W2143296986","https://openalex.org/W2158169396","https://openalex.org/W2159893335","https://openalex.org/W2160517719","https://openalex.org/W2163273012","https://openalex.org/W2539912446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150944207","https://openalex.org/W7099919058","https://openalex.org/W1964583714","https://openalex.org/W2792899696","https://openalex.org/W1988650444","https://openalex.org/W7097159532","https://openalex.org/W7098577687","https://openalex.org/W1775727660","https://openalex.org/W37171302","https://openalex.org/W3166604026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,121],"present":[1],"an":[2,59,102],"unsupervised":[3],"method":[4,87,127,159],"of":[5,16,32,70,95,115,119,150,165],"learning":[6],"action":[7,60,166],"symbols":[8,17,73,96,167],"from":[9,97],"video":[10,25],"data,":[11],"which":[12,128],"self-tunes":[13],"the":[14,80,113,116,130,143,148,162],"number":[15,164],"to":[18,40,57,65,111],"effectively":[19],"build":[20],"hierarchical":[21,43],"activity":[22,103],"grammars.":[23],"A":[24],"stream":[26],"is":[27,48,55,64],"given":[28],"as":[29],"a":[30,42,67,92,123],"sequence":[31],"unlabeled":[33],"segments.":[34],"Similar":[35],"segments":[36],"are":[37,76],"incrementally":[38],"grouped":[39],"form":[41],"tree":[44,47],"structure.":[45],"The":[46],"cut":[49],"into":[50],"clusters":[51,71],"where":[52,74,138],"each":[53],"cluster":[54],"used":[56],"train":[58],"symbol.":[61],"Our":[62,86,145],"goal":[63],"find":[66],"good":[68],"set":[69,94,118],"i.e.":[72,83],"regularities":[75],"best":[77],"captured":[78],"in":[79,134],"learned":[81],"representation,":[82],"induced":[84],"grammar.":[85],"has":[88],"two-folds:":[89],"1)":[90],"Create":[91],"candidate":[93,117],"initial":[98],"clusters,":[99],"2)":[100],"Build":[101],"grammar":[104],"and":[105,109,152],"measure":[106],"model":[107,125,135],"complexity":[108,136],"likelihood":[110],"assess":[112],"quality":[114],"symbols.":[120],"propose":[122],"balanced":[124],"comparison":[126],"avoids":[129],"problem":[131],"commonly":[132],"found":[133],"computations":[137],"one":[139],"measurement":[140],"term":[141],"dominates":[142],"other.":[144],"experiments":[146],"on":[147],"towers":[149],"Hanoi":[151],"human":[153],"dancing":[154],"videos":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157],"our":[158],"can":[160],"discover":[161],"optimal":[163],"effectively.":[168],"1":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}