{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160207330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","title":"Clarifying and re-conceptualising density","display_name":"Clarifying and re-conceptualising density","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160207330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","mag":"2160207330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47767497","display_name":"Progress in Planning","issn_l":"0305-9006","issn":["0305-9006","1873-4510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087305566","display_name":"Christopher Boyko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher T. Boyko","raw_affiliation_strings":["ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033947908","display_name":"Rachel Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-1304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-1304","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1758-0598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ImaginationLancaster, Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087305566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.9881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99443405,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.34060001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.34060001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.2451000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.15160000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-density","display_name":"urban density","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-planning","display_name":"land use planning","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-design","display_name":"urban design","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-density-cities","display_name":"high-density cities","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-calculation","display_name":"density calculation","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-environment","display_name":"urban environment","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120452360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773859","display_name":"Nature versus nurture","level":2,"score":0.5405799746513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.43818384408950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4110730290412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3820692002773285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30680057406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15978220105171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14745840430259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2011.07.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47767497","display_name":"Progress in Planning","issn_l":"0305-9006","issn":["0305-9006","1873-4510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:49994","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/49994/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2325641208","display_name":"Pathways to Impact Awards : Lancaster University","funder_award_id":"EP/I500510/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7272023296","display_name":"SUSTAINABLE REGENERATION: FROM EVIDENCE-BASED URBAN FUTURES TO IMPLEMENTATION","funder_award_id":"EP/F007426/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":310,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2603914","https://openalex.org/W4795485","https://openalex.org/W49830907","https://openalex.org/W129538247","https://openalex.org/W140828378","https://openalex.org/W226619075","https://openalex.org/W231447131","https://openalex.org/W270608167","https://openalex.org/W374971703","https://openalex.org/W573576803","https://openalex.org/W580057206","https://openalex.org/W582609932","https://openalex.org/W584537710","https://openalex.org/W587074940","https://openalex.org/W623368979","https://openalex.org/W625061223","https://openalex.org/W626126324","https://openalex.org/W627760622","https://openalex.org/W629321675","https://openalex.org/W631319870","https://openalex.org/W633637656","https://openalex.org/W637512442","https://openalex.org/W642514139","https://openalex.org/W646271309","https://openalex.org/W656190317","https://openalex.org/W1208193791","https://openalex.org/W1481512142","https://openalex.org/W1484775731","https://openalex.org/W1486484692","https://openalex.org/W1486792428","https://openalex.org/W1487254502","https://openalex.org/W1493220236","https://openalex.org/W1494765546","https://openalex.org/W1496685879","https://openalex.org/W1497153616","https://openalex.org/W1498096813","https://openalex.org/W1504430959","https://openalex.org/W1508404391","https://openalex.org/W1513900241","https://openalex.org/W1515687500","https://openalex.org/W1526945376","https://openalex.org/W1527483033","https://openalex.org/W1529734789","https://openalex.org/W1536827296","https://openalex.org/W1539387050","https://openalex.org/W1541144771","https://openalex.org/W1544356322","https://openalex.org/W1546325558","https://openalex.org/W1548625317","https://openalex.org/W1552050942","https://openalex.org/W1574552435","https://openalex.org/W1578388903","https://openalex.org/W1580027790","https://openalex.org/W1580064442","https://openalex.org/W1580476372","https://openalex.org/W1588474182","https://openalex.org/W1592685619","https://openalex.org/W1600721552","https://openalex.org/W1603320667","https://openalex.org/W1651388307","https://openalex.org/W1843849911","https://openalex.org/W1844870545","https://openalex.org/W1963979531","https://openalex.org/W1967653112","https://openalex.org/W1967888170","https://openalex.org/W1969323423","https://openalex.org/W1970743017","https://openalex.org/W1970961278","https://openalex.org/W1971801661","https://openalex.org/W1972610907","https://openalex.org/W1972760594","https://openalex.org/W1972994331","https://openalex.org/W1973958606","https://openalex.org/W1974395471","https://openalex.org/W1974897557","https://openalex.org/W1975726727","https://openalex.org/W1977038861","https://openalex.org/W1979671587","https://openalex.org/W1980161575","https://openalex.org/W1981940791","https://openalex.org/W1982280490","https://openalex.org/W1982634469","https://openalex.org/W1985167449","https://openalex.org/W1985988939","https://openalex.org/W1986982720","https://openalex.org/W1987233492","https://openalex.org/W1987349627","https://openalex.org/W1988113054","https://openalex.org/W1991186516","https://openalex.org/W1992007841","https://openalex.org/W1992966123","https://openalex.org/W1994347823","https://openalex.org/W1995883104","https://openalex.org/W1996926480","https://openalex.org/W1996988041","https://openalex.org/W1997614721","https://openalex.org/W1997794695","https://openalex.org/W1998371505","https://openalex.org/W1998422116","https://openalex.org/W1999465464","https://openalex.org/W2000853395","https://openalex.org/W2001183912","https://openalex.org/W2001510959","https://openalex.org/W2002612809","https://openalex.org/W2005813088","https://openalex.org/W2005836681","https://openalex.org/W2007368506","https://openalex.org/W2009898501","https://openalex.org/W2010817934","https://openalex.org/W2010935154","https://openalex.org/W2011752193","https://openalex.org/W2014249173","https://openalex.org/W2014654016","https://openalex.org/W2015381041","https://openalex.org/W2015451572","https://openalex.org/W2016680733","https://openalex.org/W2016798618","https://openalex.org/W2017334896","https://openalex.org/W2020845640","https://openalex.org/W2021249195","https://openalex.org/W2022137018","https://openalex.org/W2022541757","https://openalex.org/W2022794343","https://openalex.org/W2023060540","https://openalex.org/W2024556687","https://openalex.org/W2025177763","https://openalex.org/W2025390504","https://openalex.org/W2025483180","https://openalex.org/W2025967212","https://openalex.org/W2026115628","https://openalex.org/W2030263498","https://openalex.org/W2030434076","https://openalex.org/W2031277816","https://openalex.org/W2033394450","https://openalex.org/W2034865976","https://openalex.org/W2035803357","https://openalex.org/W2036278116","https://openalex.org/W2036819483","https://openalex.org/W2036998216","https://openalex.org/W2037727209","https://openalex.org/W2038469877","https://openalex.org/W2038478686","https://openalex.org/W2040068737","https://openalex.org/W2041427869","https://openalex.org/W2041997104","https://openalex.org/W2042148865","https://openalex.org/W2043124403","https://openalex.org/W2043180742","https://openalex.org/W2043957630","https://openalex.org/W2045036619","https://openalex.org/W2045411764","https://openalex.org/W2046365030","https://openalex.org/W2049860877","https://openalex.org/W2052568073","https://openalex.org/W2054150194","https://openalex.org/W2054870876","https://openalex.org/W2055732252","https://openalex.org/W2055773279","https://openalex.org/W2056519320","https://openalex.org/W2058249518","https://openalex.org/W2058323596","https://openalex.org/W2058603218","https://openalex.org/W2059357149","https://openalex.org/W2060595584","https://openalex.org/W2060724652","https://openalex.org/W2061747309","https://openalex.org/W2062727673","https://openalex.org/W2063721006","https://openalex.org/W2070711991","https://openalex.org/W2073039221","https://openalex.org/W2074854579","https://openalex.org/W2075637436","https://openalex.org/W2075639210","https://openalex.org/W2076638251","https://openalex.org/W2077851521","https://openalex.org/W2078425484","https://openalex.org/W2079420741","https://openalex.org/W2079954136","https://openalex.org/W2080827217","https://openalex.org/W2081445105","https://openalex.org/W2082188807","https://openalex.org/W2082457619","https://openalex.org/W2084156031","https://openalex.org/W2084498381","https://openalex.org/W2085181493","https://openalex.org/W2085459277","https://openalex.org/W2085626885","https://openalex.org/W2085907058","https://openalex.org/W2086173943","https://openalex.org/W2087133333","https://openalex.org/W2088083530","https://openalex.org/W2090989911","https://openalex.org/W2091052902","https://openalex.org/W2092155428","https://openalex.org/W2092596755","https://openalex.org/W2094325048","https://openalex.org/W2096910793","https://openalex.org/W2098677695","https://openalex.org/W2099110282","https://openalex.org/W2099180100","https://openalex.org/W2099283596","https://openalex.org/W2100259448","https://openalex.org/W2100563011","https://openalex.org/W2102510291","https://openalex.org/W2102938093","https://openalex.org/W2105670935","https://openalex.org/W2107708926","https://openalex.org/W2107784700","https://openalex.org/W2108426511","https://openalex.org/W2108895783","https://openalex.org/W2109035837","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2114525965","https://openalex.org/W2125878871","https://openalex.org/W2126892592","https://openalex.org/W2127776118","https://openalex.org/W2129858953","https://openalex.org/W2132668231","https://openalex.org/W2133539054","https://openalex.org/W2134915282","https://openalex.org/W2134944659","https://openalex.org/W2135031052","https://openalex.org/W2135433375","https://openalex.org/W2136620730","https://openalex.org/W2138583734","https://openalex.org/W2139195914","https://openalex.org/W2140352730","https://openalex.org/W2142362398","https://openalex.org/W2142538786","https://openalex.org/W2143784863","https://openalex.org/W2144486346","https://openalex.org/W2145146696","https://openalex.org/W2146465581","https://openalex.org/W2147976288","https://openalex.org/W2150753292","https://openalex.org/W2151198612","https://openalex.org/W2151479066","https://openalex.org/W2153649560","https://openalex.org/W2155110609","https://openalex.org/W2157096289","https://openalex.org/W2161906335","https://openalex.org/W2162074758","https://openalex.org/W2162920942","https://openalex.org/W2164857391","https://openalex.org/W2165094996","https://openalex.org/W2165189770","https://openalex.org/W2166215317","https://openalex.org/W2167169570","https://openalex.org/W2171780509","https://openalex.org/W2183439743","https://openalex.org/W2231457405","https://openalex.org/W2286521783","https://openalex.org/W2289002889","https://openalex.org/W2295106836","https://openalex.org/W2313057407","https://openalex.org/W2316438719","https://openalex.org/W2317543297","https://openalex.org/W2318336750","https://openalex.org/W2319609312","https://openalex.org/W2319822158","https://openalex.org/W2325135786","https://openalex.org/W2326171938","https://openalex.org/W2329267010","https://openalex.org/W2333014752","https://openalex.org/W2335094364","https://openalex.org/W2360267342","https://openalex.org/W2412359979","https://openalex.org/W2415674350","https://openalex.org/W2469053693","https://openalex.org/W2479621352","https://openalex.org/W2498369964","https://openalex.org/W2529187775","https://openalex.org/W2529539696","https://openalex.org/W2547872248","https://openalex.org/W2610777535","https://openalex.org/W2726320438","https://openalex.org/W2802229831","https://openalex.org/W2890080136","https://openalex.org/W2891888244","https://openalex.org/W2956580103","https://openalex.org/W2966755844","https://openalex.org/W2978506538","https://openalex.org/W3004525669","https://openalex.org/W3005660712","https://openalex.org/W3045412232","https://openalex.org/W3107899309","https://openalex.org/W3121679184","https://openalex.org/W3122878785","https://openalex.org/W3127432296","https://openalex.org/W3143820832","https://openalex.org/W3166375984","https://openalex.org/W4206754171","https://openalex.org/W4230031864","https://openalex.org/W4230498885","https://openalex.org/W4231123374","https://openalex.org/W4243931659","https://openalex.org/W4246769572","https://openalex.org/W4247642316","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298806303","https://openalex.org/W4404467037","https://openalex.org/W6609901703","https://openalex.org/W6724225801","https://openalex.org/W6754919628","https://openalex.org/W6830899720","https://openalex.org/W6876334141","https://openalex.org/W6876742189","https://openalex.org/W6877206907","https://openalex.org/W6980743612","https://openalex.org/W7027435981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387571249","https://openalex.org/W2775036874","https://openalex.org/W3083064120","https://openalex.org/W6987268107","https://openalex.org/W2167169570","https://openalex.org/W2782620018","https://openalex.org/W4316075594","https://openalex.org/W659522888","https://openalex.org/W6990320932","https://openalex.org/W2782890847"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}