{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160164969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","title":"Chemical mixtures from a public health perspective: the importance of research for informed decision making","display_name":"Chemical mixtures from a public health perspective: the importance of research for informed decision making","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160164969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","mag":"2160164969","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8571378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128555845","display_name":"Toxicology","issn_l":"0300-483X","issn":["0300-483X","1879-3185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110076522","display_name":"Ken Sexton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Sexton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA","School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Box 807 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Box 807 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112653283","display_name":"Barbara D. Beck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100879","display_name":"Gradient (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014qf4206","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara D. Beck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gradient Corporation, 44 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gradient Corporation, 44 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110112921","display_name":"Eula Bingham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eula Bingham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati. OH 45267, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati. OH 45267, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012656746","display_name":"Joseph D. Brain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-6032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-6032"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph D. Brain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035667778","display_name":"David M. DeMarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-7988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-7988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. DeMarini","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044068782","display_name":"Richard C. Hertzberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-7111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-7111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard C. Hertzberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waste Management Division (Health Assessment), U.S. EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA 30365, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waste Management Division (Health Assessment), U.S. EPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA 30365, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057238207","display_name":"Ellen J. O\u2019Flaherty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen J. O'Flaherty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038563335","display_name":"Joel G. Pounds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-1566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-1566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel G. Pounds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemical Toxicology, Wayne State University, 2727 Second Avenue, RM 4000, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemical Toxicology, Wayne State University, 2727 Second Avenue, RM 4000, Detroit, MI 48201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110076522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95800431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"2-3","first_page":"429","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.28780001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13165","display_name":"Agricultural safety and regulations","score":0.28780001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.27880001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.12049999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-mixtures","display_name":"chemical mixtures","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-risk-assessment","display_name":"mixture risk assessment","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"public health","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-decision-making","display_name":"regulatory decision-making","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-needs","display_name":"research needs","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention","display_name":"prevention","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"intervention","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment","display_name":"treatment","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5311984419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5085614919662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4883398711681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.47564101219177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4632493257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124056412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320364","display_name":"Scientific evidence","level":2,"score":0.46258899569511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.45649945735931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43866121768951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38762447237968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28509199619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26709407567977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22284841537475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14372161030769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004347","descriptor_name":"Drug Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004782","descriptor_name":"Environmental Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006077","descriptor_name":"Government Agencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015262","descriptor_name":"Xenobiotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015386","descriptor_name":"Hazardous Substances","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018675","descriptor_name":"Toxicity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(95)03240-g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128555845","display_name":"Toxicology","issn_l":"0300-483X","issn":["0300-483X","1879-3185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8571378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8571378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1697354316","https://openalex.org/W1970191317","https://openalex.org/W1970679490","https://openalex.org/W1973789403","https://openalex.org/W1992486709","https://openalex.org/W1993536060","https://openalex.org/W2027930330","https://openalex.org/W2030405913","https://openalex.org/W2036465293","https://openalex.org/W2061187594","https://openalex.org/W2081715520","https://openalex.org/W2167593612","https://openalex.org/W2180000282","https://openalex.org/W2321078942","https://openalex.org/W2403033658","https://openalex.org/W2776068874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362658233","https://openalex.org/W7095107865","https://openalex.org/W72706224","https://openalex.org/W6958761613","https://openalex.org/W2071515459","https://openalex.org/W4200514539","https://openalex.org/W3209880651","https://openalex.org/W2406870242","https://openalex.org/W2526694369","https://openalex.org/W2080214793"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}