{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160144808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014544557824006","title":"Teaching Change Computation to the Mentally Retarded","display_name":"Teaching Change Computation to the Mentally Retarded","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160144808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014544557824006","mag":"2160144808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/014544557824006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014544557824006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014544557824006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31968085","display_name":"Behavior Modification","issn_l":"0145-4455","issn":["0145-4455","1552-4167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Modification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027402069","display_name":"Anthony J. Cuvo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony J. Cuvo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University at Carbondale"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University at Carbondale","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016805042","display_name":"Vicky D. Veitch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicky D. Veitch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University at Carbondale"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University at Carbondale","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030548764","display_name":"Michael W. Trace","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael W. Trace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association for the Disabled of Elkhart County, Indiana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association for the Disabled of Elkhart County, Indiana","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048352760","display_name":"Janis L. Konke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janis L. Konke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mental Health Center of North Iowa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mental Health Center of North Iowa","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94690083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"531","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12522","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"mathematics education","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modeling","display_name":"modeling","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shaping","display_name":"shaping","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaining","display_name":"chaining","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrective-feedback","display_name":"corrective feedback","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reskilling","display_name":"retraining","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7665421962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779305910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172809","display_name":"Corrective feedback","level":2,"score":0.7435842752456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.6966409683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49020025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059099","display_name":"Chaining","level":2,"score":0.6720870733261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781256819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16828835","display_name":"Antecedent (behavioral psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6496936678886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151243789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148646","display_name":"Multiple baseline design","level":3,"score":0.6444200277328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5945342183113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019965780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183560","display_name":"Mentally retarded","level":2,"score":0.451537162065506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40818968415260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3938867151737213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3579843044281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.10285109281539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/014544557824006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014544557824006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014544557824006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31968085","display_name":"Behavior Modification","issn_l":"0145-4455","issn":["0145-4455","1552-4167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Modification","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17102204","https://openalex.org/W28860014","https://openalex.org/W49392218","https://openalex.org/W97139018","https://openalex.org/W197109218","https://openalex.org/W629443833","https://openalex.org/W939947099","https://openalex.org/W1419837514","https://openalex.org/W1505240719","https://openalex.org/W1624518016","https://openalex.org/W1968889253","https://openalex.org/W1989958168","https://openalex.org/W1991587236","https://openalex.org/W2003548750","https://openalex.org/W2028257554","https://openalex.org/W2050230599","https://openalex.org/W2416537719","https://openalex.org/W2493151702","https://openalex.org/W2992344080","https://openalex.org/W3139632016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W22002956","https://openalex.org/W2012675888","https://openalex.org/W2016021608","https://openalex.org/W2003548750","https://openalex.org/W2095560996","https://openalex.org/W2086819278","https://openalex.org/W1963731193","https://openalex.org/W2126546292","https://openalex.org/W298321088","https://openalex.org/W1994830278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Instructional":[0,48],"procedures":[1],"for":[2],"teaching":[3],"change":[4],"computation":[5],"skills":[6],"were":[7,46,59,68,87,111,121,144],"developed":[8],"and":[9,70,77,109,118,134],"evaluated":[10],"on":[11,92,131],"three":[12],"mentally":[13],"retarded":[14],"adolescents.":[15],"A":[16],"multiple":[17,28],"baseline":[18,29],"across":[19,30,141],"subjects":[20],"combined":[21],"with":[22],"the":[23,56,104,112],"essential":[24],"features":[25],"of":[26,43,139],"a":[27,40,93,132],"responses":[31,58,67,72],"was":[32,97],"employed.":[33],"Four":[34],"response":[35,85,142],"classes,":[36],"each":[37],"defined":[38],"by":[39],"different":[41],"manner":[42],"computing":[44],"change,":[45],"taught.":[47],"techniques":[49],"involved:":[50],"(a)":[51],"training":[52],"problems":[53,63,80],"in":[54,64,74,81],"which":[55,65,82],"proper":[57],"modeled,":[60],"(b)":[61],"practice":[62],"correct":[66],"reinforced":[69],"incorrect":[71],"resulted":[73],"corrective":[75],"feedback,":[76],"(c)":[78],"review":[79],"previously":[83],"trained":[84],"classes":[86,143],"rehearsed":[88],"prior":[89],"to":[90],"instruction":[91],"new":[94],"class.":[95],"Retraining":[96],"provided":[98],"when":[99],"subjects'":[100],"performance":[101,130],"fell":[102],"below":[103],"designated":[105],"criterion.":[106],"Shaping,":[107],"chaining,":[108],"modeling":[110],"principal":[113],"antecedent":[114],"conditions;":[115],"information":[116],"feedback":[117],"tangible":[119],"reinforcers":[120],"used":[122],"as":[123],"consequences.":[124],"The":[125],"results":[126],"showed":[127],"virtually":[128],"100%":[129],"posttest":[133],"follow-up":[135],"test.":[136],"Idiosyncratic":[137],"patterns":[138],"generalization":[140],"noted.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}